A review of game-theoretic models of road user behaviour

This paper reviews game-theoretic models that have been developed to explain road user behaviour in situations where road users interact with each other. The paper includes the following game-theoretic models:

1.

A general model of the interaction between road users and their possible reaction to measures improving safety (behavioural adaptation).     

Coordination and price competition in a duopoly common retailer supply chain

This paper analyzes the coordination and competition issues in a two-stage supply-chain distribution system where two vendors compete to sell differentiated products through a common retailer in the same market. The demand of a product not only depends on its own price, but also on the price of the other. Mathematical models have been developed to analyze the coordination issues under three different contexts: (i) price competition without channel coordination; (ii) price competition with channel coordination; and (iii) global coordination. It has been shown that under certain conditions, price competition through the dynamic process of price adjustment reaches the Nash–Bertrand equilibrium. Conditions have been derived for the Nash–Bertrand equilibrium to be dynamically stable. Further, it has been shown that duopoly competition can make consumers better-off or worse-off depending on the degree of product differentiation and the type of the product; while coordination enhances overall supply-chain profitability. The model is illustrated with suitable numerical examples.     

Opportunities for multiagent systems and multiagent reinforcement learning in traffic control

The increasing demand for mobility in our society poses various challenges to traffic engineering, computer science in general, and artificial intelligence and multiagent systems in particular. As it is often the case, it is not possible to provide additional capacity, so that a more efficient use of the available transportation infrastructure is necessary. This relates closely to multiagent systems as many problems in traffic management and control are inherently distributed. Also, many actors in a transportation system fit very well the concept of autonomous agents: the driver, the pedestrian, the traffic expert; in some cases, also the intersection and the traffic signal controller can be regarded as an autonomous agent. However, the “agentification” of a transportation system is associated with some challenging issues: the number of agents is high, typically agents are highly adaptive, they react to changes in the environment at individual level but cause an unpredictable collective pattern, and act in a highly coupled environment. Therefore, this domain poses many challenges for standard techniques from multiagent systems such as coordination and learning. This paper has two main objectives: (i) to present problems, methods, approaches and practices in traffic engineering (especially regarding traffic signal control); and (ii) to highlight open problems and challenges so that future research in multiagent systems can address them.     

基于博弈理论的无线传感器网络分布式节能路由算法

为了有效解决无线传感器网络路由节能问题,该文提出适合无线传感器网络的节能路由算法。在引入博弈理论概念建立网络模型的基础上,通过对于以往传感器网络簇首选择方法的研究,设计了一种基于博弈论的,兼顾节点剩余能量及簇首分布的节能路由DEER(DistributedEnergy-EconomicalRouting),大大节省了分布式决策网络协议的能量损耗。仿真证明了该方法在无线传感器网络中,能够有效地平衡网络负载,节省节点能量,延长网络寿命。     

基于博弈论的信息系统生存性提升方法研究

当前对信息系统生存性的研究主要集中在静态环境下生存性定量分析及保障的技术实现,但生存性在不同技术和动态环境下的能力是不一样的,根据生存性能力高低可以将其划分成若干等级.用户在向信息系统提交业务时需要根据生存性等级来支付费用,而经营者为达到相应的生存性等级必须付诸一定的投资,因此,经营者迫切希望能够找到一种提升方法,以自身的收益来决定信息系统应该具备的生存性等级.通过对信息系统经营者和用户之间的博弈行为及收益分析,构建了博弈模型,并对混合策略下的纳什均衡进行了求解,并根据收益最大化原则设计了经营者是否提升信息系统生存性等级的控制策略.最后在一个生存性被划分为5个等级的信息系统上进行了仿真实验,计算结果表明所提出的博弈模型及生存性提升方法是合理、可行的.     

基于组合赋权-云模型的尾矿库风险评价方法研究北大核心

尾矿库风险评价具有随机性、模糊性和评价过程中不确定因素众多的特征,为有效保障尾矿库运行安全,提出了基于组合赋权-云模型的尾矿库风险评价方法。首先,从系统分析视角出发,运用物理-事理-人理(WSR)系统理论,从主体因素、客体因素和组织形式三个方面探讨尾矿库安全运行影响因素,构建基于WSR的尾矿库风险评价指标体系;其次,根据改进G1法与CRITIC法分别对评价指标进行主客观赋权,由博弈论算法计算权重最优的组合系数,得出组合权重;最后,结合云模型理论,计算各指标相对隶属度和综合特征值,基于最大隶属度原则划分风险等级,以云图的形式呈现可视化效果显著。以云南某尾矿库为例进行评价方法验证,结果与实际情况相吻合,并与未知测度法等方法进行对照,研究表明方法具有合理性和可测性。