基于高通量测序分析不同浏阳豆豉中真菌的多样性

建立测定酱油中铅的氢化物原子荧光光谱法，同时以酱油为样本进行精密度和准确度测定，以及对酱油能力验证盲样考核样进行不确定度分析。结果表明，铅含量在0～100.00 ng/mL呈线性关系，相关系数（R）为0.999 8，该方法的检出限为0.74 μg/L，定量限为2.22 μg/L，精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.16%～4.48%，回收率为93.3%～106.6%。2个盲样考核样不确定度结果分别为（0.940±0.092） mg/L和（0.460±0.035） mg/L，能力验证考核结果为满意。研究结果表明，采用水质分析质量控制工作程序对氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定酱油中铅进行分析质量控制，保证实验结果误差在可控制的范围内，获得高度可信的分析结果。     

基于ITS4/5 rRNA区序列对不同时期大曲中霉菌的分离与鉴定

利用大曲作为糖化发酵剂是中国传统白酒主要的工艺特点之一。大曲中的微生物组成十分丰富包括各种种类的霉菌、酵母以及细菌,这些复杂的微生物体系为白酒的发酵提供了必要的微生物、酶以及风味物质。其中霉菌作为酒类发酵生产中必不可少的微生物,在大曲发酵过程中能够分泌一些糖化酶和蛋白酶等多种酶类以及有机酸等多种代谢产物,对大曲质量好坏起着重要作用。为了探究大曲中霉菌功能,本文对不同时期大曲中分离的霉菌采用ITS4/5 rRNA区序列进行分析比对,共分离鉴定了193株霉菌,分属于13个种。主要为红曲(Aspergillus ruber),米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae),微小根毛霉(Rhizomucor pusillus),Rhizopus azygosporus,烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus),嗜热子囊菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus),谢瓦氏曲霉(Aspergillus salwaensis),Aspergillus chevalieri,米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)等,并构建了M-L系统树。根据这些分离鉴定的结果初步探究出大曲生产过程中不同时期霉菌的组成和变化规律。这些结果为进一步研究中国传统白酒的酿造微生物奠定了一定的基础。     

神农架地区酒曲驯养酵母的多样性与特性研究

神农架地区有着悠久的酿酒历史,酿酒酵母的生物多样性丰富。通过收集神农架及周边地区酿酒作坊的9种不同的酒曲,从中分离获得19株酵母菌,通过形态学观察,产子囊孢子情况及抗逆性能探究,并根据对其rDNA-ITS序列构建的系统发育树进行分析。结果表明,此19株驯养酵母菌可归为5个属,分别为Wickerhamomyces sp.,Pichia sp.,Saccharomyces sp.,Saccharomycopsis sp.和Candida sp.。从酒曲中分离出来的Wickerhamomyces sp.有8株,占菌种总数的42.1%,Saccharomyces sp.有6株,占总数的31.6%,均为优势菌株。     

Comparative study of the phenolics,antioxidant and metagenomic composition of novel soy whey-based beverages produced using three different water kefir microbiota

Water kefir microbiota was used to develop novel soy whey-based beverages that have antioxidant activity. In the present study, comparative phenolics, antioxidant and metagenomic composition of the soy whey beverages fermented using three different water kefir microbiota, named WKFS-A, WKFS-B and WKFS-C were investigated. WKFS-B beverage had the highest concentrations of isoflavone aglycones (208.73 ± 2.78 mg L⁻¹) and phenolic acids (132.33 ± 3.41 mg L⁻¹) compared with WKFS-A (193.88 ± 1.15 mg L⁻¹) and (91.73 ± 2.34 mg L⁻¹) and WKFS-C (160.63 ± 1.76 mg L⁻¹) and (97.13 ± 2.63 mg L⁻¹), respectively. The WKFS-B also showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power compared with WKFS-A and WKFS-C beverages. Microbial species diversity index analysis showed that a higher concentration of isoflavone aglycones, phenolic acids and increased antioxidant activity in the WKFS-B beverage correlates with the higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus. This study thus revealed that Lactobacillus dominated water kefir microbiota produces soy whey beverages with high phenolic acids, isoflavone aglycones and antioxidant activity.     

汽车牌照自动识别系统在公路收费口的应用

最近及未来的几年 ,上海市境内将建成多条高速公路 ,如何提高高速公路的服务质量 ,出入口的通行能力是一条比较重要的衡量标准。汽车牌照自动识别系统利用先进的摄像技术、图像识别技术和计算机技术 ,对抓拍图像进行正确分割和快速处理 ,自动识别出汽车的牌照号码 ,提升了高速公路的服务水平     

2008年奥运会交通紧急事件管理系统(EMS)规划

以保障北京奥运交通系统可靠性为目的,结合奥运交通紧急事件管理系统规划研究了智能交通系统体系框架的开发方法.从组织机构、道路、人员、车辆等角度研究了建设奥运交通紧急事件管理系统的基础条件.利用智能交通系统框架开发软件TurboArchitecture,按照识别用户服务、确定智能交通系统要素和确定功能模块的步骤开发了奥运紧急事件管理系统的体系框架.制订了交通阻塞、轻微交通事故、严重交通事故和奥运专用车辆故障等紧急事件的处理预案.     

城市智能交通系统的发展现状与趋势

在分析城市智能交通系统的角色与作用的基础上,从智能交通管理系统、交通信息服务系统、车联网系统、自动驾驶系统等方面对国外城市智能交通系统的现状与发展趋势进行了系统总结与案例分析,同时对国内城市智能交通管理系统、智能公交系统、交通信息服务系统、智能交通安全系统、城市智能交通新技术的应用探索等方面进行了案例分析,最后提出了城市智能交通系统发展的若干关键问题与建议:重硬件,轻软件,重建设,轻使用,会导致系统失败和投资浪费。欲实现智能交通系统建设的预期目标,须高度重视传统交通工程设施的完善、科学管理方案的制定和充分的交通信息采集;做好高水平的智能交通系统顶层设计,保证资源共享、系统整合和集成服务;重视复合型科技队伍建设。     

基于物联网技术的交通信息采集和服务

通过分析我国智能交通系统建设现状和存在问题,结合目前道路交通管理信息采集与服务需求,设计了基于物联网技术的道路交通信息采集与服务框架,以公安交通指挥平台为核心,集成各类交通信息采集与服务系统,实现交通路况信息全天候采集和智能分析、交通信息服务和出行诱导,以及区域交通流协调组织等功能。基于该框架体系,分别从交通流信息采集、交通信息发布与诱导服务、交通信号协调控制、公交优先等方面,对比分析了基于ITS技术的传统应用与基于物联网技术的新型应用的优缺点。结论:物联网技术应用将有利于突破现有ITS应用模式的弊端,提高交通信息采集精度,提升公众出行服务水平。     

Laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition,fermentation, and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage

The objectives were to evaluate (1) the use of 2 types of experimental silos (S) to characterize whole-crop oat (Avena sativa L.) silage with or without addition of an inoculant (I), and (2) the effect of inoculation on the microbial community structure of oats ensiled using only plastic bucket silos (BKT). From each of 6 sections in a field, oats were harvested, treated (INO) or not (CON) with inoculant, packed into 19-L BKT or vacuum bags (BG), and ensiled for 217 d. The inoculant added contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 × 10⁵ and 1 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh oats, respectively). The experimental design was a complete randomized design replicated 6 times. Treatment design was the factorial combination of 2 S × 2 I. Some differences existed between BG versus BKT at silo opening (217 d), including a decreased CP (7.73 vs. 7.04 ± 0.247% of DM) and ethanol (1.93 vs. 1.55 ± 0.155) and increased lactic acid (4.28 vs. 3.65 ± 0.241), respectively. Also, WSC and mold counts were reduced in BG versus BKT for CON (1.78 vs. 2.70 ± 0.162% of DM and 0.8 vs. 2.82 ± 0.409 log cfu/fresh g) but not for INO (～1.53 and 1.55), respectively. Application of INO increased DM recovery (96.1 vs. 92.9 ± 0.63%), aerobic stability (565 vs. 133 ± 29.2 h), acetic acid (2.38 vs. 1.22 ± 0.116% of DM), and reduced NDF (65.0 vs. 67.0 ± 0.57), ADF (36.7 vs. 38.1 ± 0.60), ethanol (0.63 vs. 2.85 ± 0.155), and yeast counts (1.10 vs. 4.13 ± 0.484 log cfu/fresh g) in INO versus CON, respectively. At d 0, no differences were found for S and I on the nutritional composition and background microbial counts. Leuconostocaceae (82.9 ± 4.27%) and Enterobacteriaceae (15.2 ± 3.52) were the predominant bacterial families and unidentified sequences were predominant for fungi. A higher relative abundance of the Davidiellaceae fungal family (34.3 vs. 19.6 ± 4.47) was observed in INO versus CON. At opening (217 d), INO had a lower relative abundance of Leuconostocaceae (42.3 vs. 95.8 ± 4.64) and higher Lactobacillaceae (57.4 vs. 3.9 ± 4.65) versus CON. Despite several differences were found between BKT and BG, both techniques can be comparable for characterizing effects of INO on the most basic measures used in silage evaluation. The use of inoculant improved oat silage quality partially by a shift in the bacterial community composition during ensiling, which mainly consisted of an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and reduction of Leuconostocaceae relative to CON.