Frame detection using gradients fuzzy logic and morphological processing for distant color eye images in an intelligent iris recognition system

The capture of an eye image with the occlusion of spectacles in a non-cooperative environment compromises the accuracy in identifying a person in an iris recognition system. This is due to the obstruction of the iris by the frame which tends to produce an incorrect estimation of the initial center of the iris and the pupil during the iris segmentation process. In addition, it also causes incorrect localization of the upper eyelid during the process of iris segmentation and sometimes, the edges of the frame are wrongly identified as the edges of the upper eyelid. A frame detection method which involves the combination of two gradients, namely the Sobel operator and high pass filter, followed by fuzzy logic and the dilation operation of morphological processing is proposed to identify the frame on the basis of different frame factors in the capture of a distant eye image. In addition, a different color space is applied and only a single channel is used for the process of frame detection. The proposed frame detection method provides the highest frame detection rate compared to the other methods, with a detection rate of more than 80.0%. For the accuracy of the iris localization, upper eyelid localization and iris recognition system, the proposed method gives more than 96.5% accuracy compared to the other methods. The index of decidability showed that the proposed method gives more than 2.35 index compared to the existing methods.     

A new method to deal with fuzzy classification problems by tuning membership functions for fuzzy classification systems

Abstract

This paper presents a new method to construct and tune membership functions and generate fuzzy classification rules from training instances for handling the Iris data classification problem. First, we find two attributes of the Iris data from the training instances that are suitable to serve as classification criteria. Then, we construct and tune the membership functions of these two attributes and generate fuzzy classification rules from the training instances. The proposed method generates the same number of fuzzy classification rules as the number of species of the training instances. It generates fewer fuzzy classification rules and can get a higher average classification accuracy rate than the existing methods.     

Experimental Study of Capture Effect for Medium Access Control with ALOHA

In this paper, we investigate the capture effect through experiments conducted with Iris nodes equipped with AT86RF230 radio transceivers. It is shown that the first arriving packet in a collision can capture the radio channel for equal power transmissions and may be decoded depending on the amount of overlap. A new 3‐packet‐capture scenario is introduced and implemented. To be able to understand the impact of capture on the throughput performance of wireless sensor networks, we present an analysis of the capture coefficient using our practical results. For real‐world implementations, the throughput of pure ALOHA considering a finite number of users is presented in analytical form. The capture coefficient is then applied to pure ALOHA as a case study. Using analytical and practical implementations of the capture effect on ALOHA, a very good match in channel throughput performance enhancement is demonstrated over the non‐capture effect case. TinyOS‐2.x is used to program the nodes and to observe data exchange on a computer through a base station.     

A novel biorthogonal wavelet network system for off-angle iris recognition

One important category of non-ideal conditions for iris recognition is off-angle iris images. Practically it is very difficult for images to be captured with no offset. It then becomes necessary to account for off angle information in order to maintain robust performance. A biorthogonal wavelet based iris recognition system, previously designed at our lab, is modified and demonstrated to perform off-angle iris recognition. Biorthogonal wavelet network (BWN) are developed and trained for each class. The non-ideal factors are adjusted by repositioning the BWN. To test, along with the real data, synthetic iris images are generated by using affine and geometric transforms of 0°, 10° and 20^° experimentally collected images. The tests were carried out on the experimentally collected off-angle data and synthetically generated data for angles from 0° to 60^° with a resolution of 5^°. This approach is shown to have less constraints than a transformation based iris recognition approach. Iris images off-angle by up to 42^° for synthetic data and up to 45^° for experimental data are successfully recognized.     

基于毯子维和缺项的虹膜特征提取算法

虹膜特征提取是虹膜识别的一个关键环节。文中提出一种毯子维和缺项相结合的虹膜特征提取算法。利用虹膜纹理的自相似和丰富的变化细节所具有的分形几何特性,采用纵向扩展毯子维表达不同分辨能力下虹膜纹理的变化及其辐射排列特点。通过引入缺项进一步提取不同纹理和分形表现却具有相同分形维数的虹膜特征。两者的结合能够更加全面地反映虹膜纹理的细腻变化。将归一化虹膜图像灰度值的毯子维及缺项用于虹膜分类,提高对虹膜的分类能力。针对CASIA-IrisV3-Interval数据库的仿真结果表明,纵向扩展毯子维结合缺项能够有效、快速提取虹膜的纹理信息,所获得的特征具有高的虹膜识别性能。     

Foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of taxa of Iris subg. Scorpiris Spach (Iridaceae) from Turkey

Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques.     

一种基于支持向量机的虹膜识别算法

提出了一种基于极值加权平均分数维特征提取和支持向量机分类器识别的虹膜识别方法。利用形态学和圆形边缘检测算子定位虹膜,并将虹膜纹理映射到极坐标空间。定义了一种新的图像分数维--极值加权平均分数维,用于提取虹膜特征。最后,利用支持向量机分类器对虹膜特征矩阵进行匹配识别。试验表明,基于极值加权平均分数维特征提取和支持向量机分类器识别的虹膜识别系统识别率高,速度快。     

Iris recognition and the challenge of homeland and border control security in UAE

This article discusses the implementation of iris recognition in improving the security of border control systems in the United Arab Emirates. The article explains the significance of the implemented solution and the advantages the government has gained to-date. The UAE deployment of iris recognition technology is currently the largest in the world, both in terms of number of Iris records enrolled (more than 840,751) and number of iris comparisons performed daily 6,225,761,155 (6.2 billion) in ‘all-against-all’ search mode.     

一种新颖的虹膜识别算法

虹膜识别通常包含虹膜定位、特征提取以及编码和识别几个关键步骤。本文提出的算法从建立虹膜灰度图像的直方图入手，分析虹膜边界的灰度阈值，依靠投票机制完成虹膜的定位；然后根据人眼的生理构造特点将虹膜分区，再对经过分区处理形成的虹膜纹理特征图像用一维连续Gabor复小波提取虹膜纹理特征点的相角信息；最后对相角信息以二比特格雷码实现一次编码和循环差分二次编码，利用特征多项式计算进行比较的两个虹膜的特征差异矩值(P_frfs)，根据判定阈值(P0)判定，最终实现虹膜识别。