WMSRS系统定位技术的研究和实现

无线矿井生命安全与救援系统（WMSRS．Wire less Mine Secure and Rescue System）是基于RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）综合应用WSN（Wireless Sensor Network无线传感器网）、RFID．WLAN、SDR（Short Distance Radio短距离无线通信设备）技术相结合实现一套高效、高可靠性、低成本．们设容易的无线矿升安全与救援系统系统结构如图1所示。     

采用三次通信的TOF与TDOA联合定位算法

通常基于超宽带(UWB)的定位系统采用的主要技术是TOA和TDOA算法,但是TOA算法定位速度低,TDOA算法定位精度不稳定,这些情况均限制了它们在UWB定位系统中的应用。为了权衡这两种算法在定位速度和精度方面的不足,提出了一种新的TOF与TDOA联合定位算法(CTT)。该算法仅需要3次UWB通信便可测量TDOA算法所需的所有时间差信息和一个TOF距离值,并可以此计算出该定位区域内所有基站与单个标签的距离,定位速度比TOA算法提升至少50%。使用DW1000分别对TOA、TDOA与CTT算法进行定位精度对比,结果表明CTT算法在二维情况下的平均定位误差20 cm,标准差10 cm,接近于TOA的精度并解决了TDOA算法精度不稳定的问题。     

Application of power transformation and moments in time based UWB ranging

For ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging, TOA estimation with the energy detection (ED) receiver is to detect the energy sample that contains the first path (FP) signal in dense multipath. Threshold crossing (TC) is used frequently. However, it is difficult to determine the threshold. Some threshold setting methods are based on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and the chi-squared distribution. However, the distribution is complicated. Moreover, it depends on the degree of freedom (DOF). If the DOF used is wrong, it will degrade the detection performance. The study bypasses the distribution. We first examine the distribution of the output of the ED receiver after power transformation. Based on the new characteristics of the transformed data and approximate distributions, we propose some practical TOA estimation methods. Similarly, the moments of the output of the ED receiver, such as the second or one-third order moments, are also analysed and used. The proposed methods are easy to implement and can achieve about the same ranging performance with methods based on the chi-squared distribution. We provide both theoretical and simulation results to prove their effectiveness.     

Separation of Penicillin G from Fermentation Broth Using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine Extractant in Different Diluents

The extraction of penicillin G was investigated using N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine (TOA) with different diluents having distinct functional groups. Nine diluents were used in the study, namely, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl ethanoate, propyl ethanoate, methyl iso butyl ketone(MIBK), octan-2-one, octane, and decane. The measurements were performed at a temperature of 298.2 K. The experimental results of batch extractions were used to calculate distribution coefficients (K_D), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). The highest distribution coefficient (K_D = 5.79) was obtained with isoamyl alcohol, and its extraction efficiency was 85.27%. Further, the highest loading factor was reached to a value of 0.130 at 0.374 mol.kg^?1 amine concentration. Overloading was not observed at any amine concentration. Solvatochromic model (Linear solvation Energy Relationship (LSER)) for data which obtained from alcohols experiments gives the good results as near as same to experimental results. Suitability of data between experiments and model predictions have been tested with root main square deviation (RMSD) with 0.99.     

最小二乘算法在煤矿导航中的应用研究

对最小二乘算法在煤矿导航中的应用进行了较深入的研究。推导了最小二乘定位算法和源选择算法,建立了最小二乘平滑滤波器,对TOA测距进行平滑过滤,消除了噪声,提高了定位精度。     

运动TDMA系统目标时差定位算法

根据时分多址(TDMA)系统的同步特征,利用TDMA运动目标准周期性信号的到达时间,提出了3种在三站时差定位系统中实现目标定位的算法.采用目标运动分析的方法,对TDMA目标位置的可观测性进行分析,提出了目标运动分析时差定位算法,利用目标航迹上多个位置的时差实现目标的定位.运用目标运动分析测距算法,提出了测距与传统时差定...     

IR-UWB能量检测接收机中基于门限的TOA估计

为提高能量检测模式下脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)测距的精度和可行性,该文提出基于最优门限和次优门限的两种到达时间(TOA)估计算法.最优门限算法以接收机信号统计特性与UWB小尺度衰减特性关系式为基础推导出门限选择的闭合表达式,并在最小均方误差(MMSE)指标下求解TOA估计值;次优门限算法以最优门限分析为基础,在虚警概率...     

对一种基于双重到达时间差的无线定位数据融合方法的探讨

介绍了几种常见的无线网络定位方法．针对无线自组（AdHoc）网络的特点，提出了一种改进的双重到达时间差DTDOA的定位数据融合方法。该方法利用在同一监测基站上两次测量值的差值再与其他基站的测量差值求差，可以有效地消除无线网络节点定位时所要求的时钟同步问题。     

利用手机信号进行生命探测的研究与系统设计

本文针对灾后紧急救援的需要,提出了一种新的生命探测方法,利用手机跨越位置更要发出请求信号的原理,效仿蜂窝网络移动台混合定位(TDOA/TOA)技术,通过主动探测地震灾害中被压、埋人员身上携带的手机信号,间接搜救遇难人员。该系统不但能探测到无网状态下待机的手机,并能将其定位在一定的范围内,为地震救援提供了可靠的帮助。     

A novel TOA estimation method with effective NLOS error reduction

It is well known that non-line-of-sight （NLOS） error has been the major factor impeding the enhancement of accuracy for time of arrival （TOA） estimation and wireless positioning. This article proposes a novel method of TOA estimation effectively reducing the NLOS error by 60%, comparing with the traditional timing and synchronization method. By constructing the orthogonal training sequences, this method converts the traditional TOA estimation to the detection of the first arrival path （FAP） in the NLOS multipath environment, and then estimates the TOA by the round-trip transmission （RTT） technology. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations prove that the method proposed in this article achieves better performance than the traditional methods.