Influence of polyimide precursor synthesis route and ortho-position functional group on thermally rearranged (TR) polymer properties: Conversion and free volume

Thermal rearrangement of polyimides with ortho-position groups to polybenzoxazoles and related structures has been of recent interest for producing gas separation membranes. This study explores the influence of synthesis route and ortho-position functional group on the thermal rearrangement process and the fractional free volume of thermally rearranged (TR) polymers produced from polyimides derived from 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diamino-biphenyl and 2,2′-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (HAB–6FDA). Acetate, propanoate, and pivalate ortho-position functional groups were considered. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study thermal rearrangement at temperatures between 350 and 450 °C, and evolved gases from TGA were analyzed via mass spectrometry to characterize the byproducts of thermal rearrangement and thermal degradation. CO₂ was the major byproduct of thermal rearrangement for all samples, and its evolution began well before the onset of thermal degradation. When non-hydroxyl ortho-position groups were present in the polymers, several byproducts other than CO₂ were also observed due to the loss of these ortho-position groups before thermal rearrangement. Free volume generally increased with increasing extent of thermal rearrangement, but precise values of free volume could not be accurately determined for polymers with propanoate and pivalate ortho-position functional groups due to uncertainties in the chemical structure of partially converted materials. For polymers with acetate and hydroxyl ortho-position groups, free volume could be determined within the uncertainty of density measurements. Thermal rearrangement behavior and free volume results for acetate containing polymers synthesized via different routes were very similar. Based on these results, the chemical structure of the ortho-position functional group has a larger impact on TR polymer properties than the polyimide precursor synthesis route.     

Tribological Properties and Film Formation Behavior of Thermoreversible Gel Lubricants

The tribological properties of a new and unique thermoreversible gel lubricant (TR gel lube) were investigated. TR gel lube, which includes 10–40% of amide-type gelling agent in base fluid, is able to repeatedly alter or convert phase from gel state to liquid state at the melting point of the gelling agent. High-pressure rheological tests were performed in order to characterize the behavior of base oil and TR gel lube as a function of pressure and temperature. The effect of TR gel lube on ball bearing fatigue life was carried out by systematic tests using thrust ball bearings. The results of L ₁₀ life tests of TR gel lube showed a longer life than the conventional greases. This result was investigated from the oil film formation. It was found that the gelling agent played a key role in the lubricating properties. Some mechanisms such as adsorbed film formation and solid-like formation are proposed.     

Cavity size, sorption and transport characteristics of thermally rearranged (TR) polymers

Within a polymer thin film, free volume elements have a wide range of size and topology. This broad range of free volume element sizes determines the ability for a polymer to perform molecular separations. Herein, six permeable thermally rearranged (TR) polymers and their precursors were studied. Using atomistic models, cavity size (free volume) distributions determined by a combination of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods were consistent with experimental observation that TR polymers are more permeable than their precursors. The cavity size distributions determined by simulation were also consistent with free volume distributions determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The diffusion, solubility and permeation of gases in TR polymers and their precursors were also simulated at 308 K, with results that agree qualitatively with experimental data.     

TPC译码反馈在超宽带TR接收机中的应用

为了消除超宽带通信中数据辅助（DA）的平均发射参考（ATR）接收机的判决错误传播风险,提出加入FEC译码反馈机制,用译码判决输出来反馈更新相关模板的思路。比较选择出适合的Turbo乘积码（TPC）,据此形成了一种TPC译码反馈的改进DA-ATR接收机。对其性能进行了分析和多径信道仿真,结果表明：该接收机能有效消除上述风险,检测性能优于单纯TPC纠错的一般ATR接收机,约有1 dB信噪比增益优势。     

抗水树交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的研究

分析了国内外交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘电力电缆的使用情况,以及容易产生水树的原因机理。从如何避免水树的产生和发展,以提高电缆运行寿命,提出了抗水树的机理和抗水树XLPE电缆的设计理念,并对其试验流程和试验结果进行了统计分析。     

MPEG-2传输流中的PCR分析

本文介绍了时间标签PCR在MPEG-2数字电视传输系统中进行视音频同步的作用,着重说明了PCR的原理。包括PCR在编码端的生成、传输及解码端的接收和系统时钟的恢复,描述了DVB广播中PCR可能出现的错误及产生的影响,最后,按照TR101290标准借助码流分析仪介绍了检测PCR错误的基本操作。     

Ecomasterplanning

Best known as the pioneer of the green skyscraper, Ken Yeang is now applying his innovative, ecological thinking to the urban masterplan. Here he outlines how the introduction of an ecoinfrastructure can bring multiple benefits to a city, encouraging connectivity between green spaces, providing natural habitats for wildlife and alleviating the impact of climate change by offsetting CO2 emissions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于时间反演的天线阵列激励分布确定方法研究

时间反演(TR)是一种新型的电磁波传播与控制方法,具有电磁环境自适应性。采用时间反演方法, 可使结构复杂的天线阵列方向图综合设计简单化。该文初步探索了将时间反演方法应用于微带天线阵列激励设计的可行性,并进行了数值模拟和实验验证。结果表明:对于不同的主波束指向,时间反演法均能准确地确定其对应的激励分布。相对于传统的激励分布确定方法,时间反演法无需互耦补偿计算,准确便捷,且不受阵列和阵元结构形式的限制,在结构复杂阵列的激励分布计算上优势明显。     

对比源反演算法对二维混合目标重建成像的应用

针对线性成像精确性有限的缺点,提出了在非线性算法—对比源反演算法中采用正则化和并行频率方重建在暗室内的金属和电介质柱体构成的混合目标。二维实测微波散射数据采用了多频率、多收发设置的测量方式。通过目标的位置、形状及对比度值得展示,验证了扩展后的对比源反演算法对复杂的二维混合目标重建成像的精确性。     

曲轴TR锻造三维CAD／CAPP系统开发

针对曲轴TR锻造装置开发了一套CAD／CAPP系统。该系统能进行曲轴锻造工艺分析和锻模设计。系统以Visual Basic为开发工具,Solidworks为平台实现锻造工艺和模具的三维设计,CAD图纸输出,TR装置参数计算等功能,大大减少了曲轴锻造工艺设计阶段开发时间,提高了设计质量