Securing keystroke dynamics from replay attacks

Keystroke dynamics is a viable behavioral biometric technique for identity verification based on users’ keyboard interaction traits. Keystroke dynamics can help prevent credentials from being abused in case of theft or leakage. But what happens if the keystroke events are eavesdropped and being replayed? Attackers that intercept keystroke dynamics authentication sessions of benign users can easily replay them from other sources unchanged or with minor changes and gain illegitimate privileges. Hence, even with its major security advantages, keystroke dynamics can still expose authentication mechanisms to replay attacks. Although replay attack is one of the oldest techniques to manipulate authentication systems, keystroke dynamics does not help preventing it. We suggest a new protocol for dynamics exchange based on choosing a subset of real and fake information snippets shared between the client and service providers to lure potential attackers. We evaluated our method on four state-of-the-art keystroke dynamics algorithms and three publicly available datasets and showed that we can dramatically reduce the possibility of replay attacks while preserving highly accurate user verification.     

Unconstrained Hand Dorsal Veins Image Database and Recognition System

Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that, in contrast to fingerprints, are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts. Moreover, they form a complex rich shape that is unique, even in identical twins, and allows a high degree of freedom. However, most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, most hand-based biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic. Consequently, new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness. One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle. This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years. For the other research contribution, a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform. This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images. The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.     

Manifold label prediction for low dimensional palmprint recognition

Minimum Squared Error Classification (MSEC) is a learning method for predicting the class labels of samples in real time. However, as a regression algorithm, MSEC tries its best to map the training samples into their class labels using a linear projection without considering the manifold structure of the data. In this paper, we introduce a supervised label learning framework using an effective manifold learning strategy. This method which is referred to as Manifold Supervised Label Prediction (MSLP) generalizes MSEC objective function to incorporate intra-class relationships of data. Thus, in addition to relying on the relationship between a training sample and its label, we propose to also learn the relationship between the training samples while transforming them. As a testbed for MSLP, we apply it to an image identification venue in which image samples with a very low spatial resolution (16 × 16) are used. These images have been dramatically influenced by a down-sampling process in order to reduce their size and hence, improving over computation time. We also show that the blurring process for reducing the artifacts introduced by down-sampling serendipitously results in better identification accuracies. Finally, unlike MSEC that classifies a query sample based on the deviation between the predicted and the true class labels, we compare both the training and the query samples in the label prediction space. A set of comprehensive experiments on benchmark palmprint databases including Multispectral PolyU, PolyU 2D/3D, and PolyU Contact-free I shows meaningful improvements over existing state-of-the-art algorithms.     

Different strokes for different folks? Revealing the physical characteristics of smartphone users from their swipe gestures

Anthropometrics show that the lengths of many human body segments follow a common proportional relationship. To know the length of one body segment – such as a thumb – potentially provides a predictive route to other physical characteristics, such as overall standing height. In this study, we examined whether it is feasible that the length of a person׳s thumb could be revealed from the way in which they complete swipe gestures on a touchscreen-based smartphone.From a corpus of approx. 19,000 swipe gestures captured from 178 volunteers, we found that people with longer thumbs complete swipe gestures with shorter completion times, higher speeds and with higher accelerations than people with shorter thumbs. These differences were also observed to exist between our male and female volunteers, along with additional differences in the amount of touch pressure applied to the screen.Results are discussed in terms of linking behavioural and physical biometrics.     

基于C/S结构的多生物特征识别系统的研究与应用

论述了基于C/S(Client/Server)体系结构的多生物特征识别系统的实现原理,并在脊波变换域实现图像水印技术的基础上,提出了一种在网络方式下实现身份识别的方法,突破本地生物特征识别的局限性,给跨地域性生物特征识别提供了新的解决方案,同时实现了系统原型并给出了部分测试结果.     

Iris Feature Extraction Method Based on 1D Gabor Filter

The normalized iris image was divided into eight sub-bands,and every column of each sub-band was averaged by rows to generate eight 1D iris signals.Then the even symmetry item of 1D Gabor filter was used to describe local characteristic blocks in 1D iris signals,and the results were quantified by their polarities to generate iris codes.In order to estimate the performance of the presented method,an iris recognition platform was produced and the Hamming distance between two iris codes was computed to measure the dissimilarity of them.The experimental results in CASIA v1.0 and Bath iris image databases show that the proposed iris feature extraction algorithm has a promising potential in iris recognition.     

生物特征识别综述*

对传统的身份鉴别手段和现代生物特征识别技术产生背景进行了综述,介绍目前典型的生物特征识别技术的原理和发展趋势,分析了实际应用中存在的优缺点,并探讨了基于个人生物特征融合的多生物特征识别技术和生物特征信息保护问题,强调了生物识别技术在身份认证领域的重要性。     

Combination of direct matching and collaborative representation for face recognition

Difficulties associated with the use of Buchdahl's retardation coefficients in image assessment are examined. It is shown that, by a series of approximations and corresponding transformations, the set of coordinates of transmitted rays from any object point can be expressed as a circular region perpendicular to the optical axis. Furthermore, it is shown that, under these transformations, the form of the retardation expansion remains constant and only the coefficients need be altered. These changes are independent of the field angle, but depend on the f-number of the system. The coefficients thus derived are field-independent in contrast to those specified by most authors. Expressions for the coefficients under each of the transformations introduced are presented. Also a brief discussion of the convergence of the retardation expansion is presented and the results indicate that the above approximations are sound over the region of convergence of the truncated aberration expansion of order eight.     

基于仿射尺度不变特征变换的掌纹识别

相比传统接触式采集方法,非接触采集是目前掌纹识别的趋势和主流,但其低约束性可能导致人手和图像传感器平面不平行,从而使掌纹产生仿射变形.传统的尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)对此识别效果不佳.针对这个问题,提出一种改进方案,即基于仿射尺度不变特征变换(affine scale invariant feature transform,ASIFT)的掌纹识别方法,建立了变形掌纹的仿射模型,模拟了相机光轴的经度角和纬度角,在仿射空间内提取图像特征.通过基于实际环境所建立的掌纹库——SUT图库验证算法性能,与SIFT算法及目前典型的掌纹识别方法进行对比.结果表明,ASIFT方法具备良好的抗掌纹仿射变形性能,等误率仅为0.6％,证明了该方法能够成功解决掌纹变形问题,鲁棒性和稳定性强,具备优越性.     

全手掌纹5类主线特征选择方法研究

为解决非接触式掌纹识别中的光线干扰和算法复杂度问题,提出采用全手掌纹5类主线作为特征的思想,并研究主线特征的选择方法,即根据感情线、理智线、生命线、事业线、成功线的条数、交点数及部分端点信息将掌纹分为9个类别。采用主线特征的优点在于能够选择到不受光线干扰和运算复杂度小的掌纹特征自动提取方法,并为手多模态决策层融合提供数据基础。根据香港科技大学(HKUST)掌纹图库实验表明,与传统的只依据感情线、理智线和生命线3条主线为特征的分类方法相比,类间样本区分度增大,类内相似样本数由传统方法的81.54%降低至35.00%,其余各类样本趋于相对均匀,即说明了该方法不仅具有较高的分辨力,而且具有可行性和优越性,为手多模态特征识别技术中主线自动提取及匹配提供了理论支撑。