Onset of gas self-induction and power consumption after gas induction in an agitated tank

The behavior of inducted gas from liquid surface and the; power requirements in an agitated tank using a mechanical agitator are studied in order to increase the amount of gas self-induction and the gas retention time for gas absorption. A 45° six-blade downward impeller turbine was utilized in this study. Air and water, air and 40 wt% 60 wt%, and 80 wt% of glycerin water, and air and 106 cP silicon oil were employed as gas and liquid phases. Variables which were studied included geometrical factors (immersed depth of impeller, baffle with and diameter of impeller) and the physical properties of the liquid (viscosity, density, and surface tension). The correlations for the onset speed of impeller and power consumption after gas induction in the agitated tank are established from our experimental results. The amount of gas self-induction from the liquid surface in the agitated tank increases with increasing impeller diameter and speed and decreases with increasing baffle width, depth of impeller and viscosity of liquid.     

Synfuel development impacts— econometric modelling and policy analysis

The prospects for rapid near-term development of a synfuel industry in the USA have decreased, due to depressed world oil prices, synfuel project cost overruns, and the lukewarm support of the Reagan administration. Nonetheless, socioeconomic and environmental impact analysis studies can provide valuable information for determining the regional welfare effects of proposed projects. The author discusses the results of a regional econometric analysis of the synfuel projects planned for Western Kentucky, which focuses on environmental impacts, and reveals the inevitable trade-offs that would accompany synfuel development. Some policy issues are briefly reviewed, especially that of efficient energy pricing.     

A new alloy design concept for austenitic stainless steel with tungsten modification for bipolar plate application in PEMFC

The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the principle of ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is critically evaluated for the development of metallic bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). An austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is modified with W and La to improve the stability of the passive film in an acidic environment as well as to reduce the contact resistance by the tungsten bronze effect. The experimental ASS containing W and La was evaluated in a simulated PEMFC environment of H₃PO₄ and H₂SO₄ solutions at 80 °C, and the electrical property was evaluated by performing a contact resistance test. The test results show that the ASS modified with W and La has good passive film stability for corrosion resistance and low contact resistance. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis clearly suggests the possibility of the tungsten bronze effect from the change in valency state of W⁶⁺ to W⁵⁺ in the passive film formed on the modified ASS. The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is well demonstrated; however, more study is highly required for the development of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC.     

坦克设计新发展

本文提出“针对式坦克发展战略”主要内容,它要求“突破性新概念高新技术”,获得“减法设计方法”,因而形成“坦克发展新道路”.运用“系统总体取胜”的系统工程理论,处理好坦克全系统“综合”、全系统与分系统“配置”、分系统与分系统“匹配”、全系统与人及作战环境“适应”四大关系,以“相互同水平组合”替代“单项高水平爬坡”.通过“从系统总体着眼、由边际零部件突破”的途径,善于从各个部分或部件之间的结合部加以突破,实现坦克设计新发展.     

Dynamical systems identification using Gaussian process models with incorporated local models

Gaussian process (GP) models form an emerging methodology for modelling nonlinear dynamic systems which tries to overcome certain limitations inherent to traditional methods such as e.g. neural networks (ANN) or local model networks (LMN).The GP model seems promising for three reasons. First, less training parameters are needed to parameterize the model. Second, the variance of the model's output depending on data positioning is obtained. Third, prior knowledge, e.g. in the form of linear local models can be included into the model. In this paper the focus is on GP with incorporated local models as the approach which could replace local models network.Much of the effort up to now has been spent on the development of the methodology of the GP model with included local models, while no application and practical validation has yet been carried out. The aim of this paper is therefore twofold. The first aim is to present the methodology of the GP model identification with emphasis on the inclusion of the prior knowledge in the form of linear local models. The second aim is to demonstrate practically the use of the method on two higher order dynamical systems, one based on simulation and one based on measurement data.     

Creating change and driving innovation in highly automated and lean organizations: The Temporal Think Tank™ (T3™)

This paper introduces the concept of the temporal think tank™ (T3™), a temporary in-house research center, based on case studies with a highly automated global manufacturer and in various small-sized manufacture (SME's). The T3™ brings individuals from across the organization together in a team setting in which they are charged to look at the future, develop their decision-making skills, and use entrepreneurial thinking to incubate new processes and/or products. After an appropriate time in the temporal think tank™, the individuals are asked to return to their regular positions to implement the best practices and best ideas and doing so spur the organization forward. At intervals, the temporal think tanks™ can be reconvened, or reconstituted with new participants. This approach prepares technology champions for the SME, who can return to the organization with a fresh outlook and renewed energy to keep the enterprise at the peak of efficiency and effectiveness.     

水煤浆添加剂的研究进展

随着世界原油资源的日渐减少及燃煤污染的日趋严重，水煤浆作为一种新型的环保型煤基流体燃料日益受到人们的重视。从70年代至今，国内外学都研究过多种添加剂，目前制浆用添加剂主要分为阴离子表面活性和非离子表面活性剂两大类，但高效、价廉、适用性广的添加剂为数并不多。     

金鸡滩水电厂2号机组异常运行分析及处理

金鸡滩2号机组在运行中出现了油压装置压油泵频繁打油,受油器下游侧端盖与挡油环、端盖与小轴相互碰刮的异常运行情况,文章对此异常情况进行了分析并介绍了故障的排查处理过程,对类似机组的相同故障处理有借鉴作用。     

Electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on Pt/C and PtMe/C catalysts in sulfuric acid

The electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on PtMe/Cs (Me = Ru, Sn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, and W) and Pt/C electro-catalysts were investigated in an aqueous half-cell, and compared to the methanol oxidation. The addition of a second metal enhanced the tolerance of Pt to the poisonous species during the DME oxidation reaction (DOR). The PtRu/C electro-catalyst showed the best electro-catalytic activity and the highest tolerance to the poisonous species in the low over-potential range (<0.55 V, 50 °C) among the binary electro-catalysts and the Pt/C, but at the higher potential (>ca. 0.55 V, 50 °C), the Pt/C behaved better than PtRu/C. The apparent activation energy for the DOR decreased in the order: PtRu/C (57 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (48 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ Pt/C (46 kJ mol⁻¹). On the other hand, the activation energy for the MOR showed a different turn, decreased in the following order: Pt/C (43 kJ mol⁻¹) > Pt₃Sn/C (35 kJ mol⁻¹) ≈ PtRu/C (34 kJ mol⁻¹). The temperature dependence of the DOR was greater than that of the oxidation of methanol (MOR) on the PtRu/C.     

高浓度煤粉燃烧时炉内结渣的机理分析

在分析煤粉炉结渣过程及其机理的基础上，对高浓度煤粉燃烧时易导致结渣的主要特性进行了探讨，表明还原性气氛的出现和煤粉浓缩时富铁颗粒的富集有导致和促进结渣的作用；提出了一些防止和减轻结渣的必要措施