视错觉及其应用

视觉足人类获取外部信息的最重要方式。但由于人类自身的生理、心理因素以及外界光、形、色等因素的干扰,会产生视觉误差,即视错觉。本章系统的分析了视错觉产生原因,按不同的现象和成因把视错觉分成病理视错觉、动态视错觉、几何视错觉、颜色视错觉、轮廓错觉等5类。在此基础上介绍了视错觉的应用,特别介绍了其在图像融合中的应用,并用matlab实现了图像的融合。     

An illusion of memory: False recognition influenced by unconscious perception.

The results of two experiments showed that an illusion of memory can be produced by unconscious perception. In a first phase of those experiments, a long list of words was presented for study. For the test of recognition memory given in the second phase of each experiment, presentation of a "context" word preceded that of most recognition test words. Ss were to judge whether or not the test words had been presented during the earlier study phase of the experiment. Effects of a context word on this recognition memory decision were opposite when Ss were aware vs. unaware of its presentation. For example, as compared to a condition in which no context word was presented, the probability of false recognition was increased when Ss were unaware but decreased when Ss were aware of the presentation of a context word that matched the recognition test word. Results are discussed in terms of unconscious influences on an attribution process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

《了不起的盖茨比》中的二元对立

采用二元对立的手法分析了菲茨杰拉德在小说《了不起的盖茨比》中二元对立的叙事技巧,从理想与现实的对照、生前与死后的对照、空间位置的对照及色彩的对照等各方面分析该小说中叙事技巧的成功运用,指出它们不仅深化了悲剧主题,而且赋予了文本全新的意义和深邃的艺术魅力。     

The influence of low frequency vibration on pilot performance (as measured in a fixed base simulator)

This report describes a study on the effects of low frequency vibration on pilot performance. Army pilots acted as subjects and flew simulated helicopter missions in a realistic fixed base simulator environment. While flying the two-hour missions pilots were exposed to vibration stimuli varying in frequency from 6 to 12 Hz and in amplitude from ±0·1 to ±0·3g (measured at the floor). Measurements were taken of the vibration tramsmissibility of the pilot's seat so that the vibration actually felt by the subject could be determined.

Missions involved transporting external loads in a simulated logistics environment. Performance was evaluated by measuring flight path deviations from prescribed en route, approach, and hover parameters.

The vibration stimuli used did not degrade performance. In fact, performance tended to improve with increased stress. It is hypothesized that this trend was due to motivation, i.e. as subjects felt the onset of fatigue they compensated by working harder and thus tended to improve their performance.

On about 6% of their scores pilots exhibited sudden lapses in their ability to respond to display indications. This resulted in poor scores in the midst of otherwise normal data. These lapses are probably of very short duration (seconds in length) and seem to occur randomly. This same effect was also observed in a previous study by the author. It may be possible that lapses of this type are related to so called ‘pilot error’ accidents. Further research is needed to verify this.     

Colour size illusion on liquid crystal displays and design guidelines for bioinformatics tools

Although the influence of colour on size perception has been known for a century, there is only limited research on interventions that can reduce this effect. This study was therefore undertaken in order to identify appropriate interventions and propose design guidelines for information visualisation, especially in applications where size judgement is critical. The colour size illusion was replicated on an LCD monitor, revealing that yellow images appeared the smallest among a series of red, yellow, green and blue images on a white background. Three types of interventions (background brightness, border colour and background grid brightness) were tested to identify conditions that reduce the colour illusions, but none proved to be statistically significant. Based on these experimental results and an extensive literature survey, a set of design guidelines is proposed to enhance the usability of LCD monitors and a set of design recommendations given to extend these guidelines to applications in the field of bioinformatics. These design recommendations are accompanied by an evaluation of effectiveness obtained by interviewing domain experts.     

Creating Space: The Fourfold Dynamics of Potential Space.

Winnicott conceived of potential space primarily in terms of the vicissitudes of illusion and reality. Loosened from its ties to illusion and reality, potential space is depicted in terms of 4 interrelated, dialectical processes (surrender-generation, recognition-negation, care-quiescence, and disruption-repair), which can be found, in part, in Winnicott's formulations. Reformulating potential space in terms of these fourfold pairs captures the complexity and paradox of the presence and absence of self-states in successful and failed developmental and psychoanalytic interactions. In addition, these 4 interpersonal dynamics more adequately extend the concept of potential space to all phases of human life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Octave Illusion Revisited Again.

The octave illusion (D. Deutsch, 1974) occurs when 2 tones separated by an octave are alternated repeatedly, such that when the right ear receives the high tone, the left ear receives the low tone, and vice versa. Most subjects in the original study reported hearing a single tone that alternated from ear to ear, whose pitch also alternated from octave to octave, and D. Deutsch (1975a) proposed an explanation in terms of separate what and where auditory pathways. C. D. Chambers, J. B. Mattingley, and S. A. Moss (2002) argued that the perceived pitch difference generally corresponds more to a semitone and proposed an alternative explanation in terms of diplacusis. This article argues that Chambers et al. used problematic procedures and reports a new experiment on the octave illusion. The findings confirm that an octave difference is generally perceived, and they agree with the model of Deutsch (1975a) but are at variance with the diplacusis hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈视错觉在建筑立面设计中的应用

后现代主义运动兴起于建筑设计领域,并在现代建筑设计中占有重要地位.本文总结了视错觉及其空间表现的基础,分析了视错觉技术在建筑立面设计中的应用原则,并介绍了基于视错觉的相关建筑立面设计实例.     

Changes in the perceived duration of a narrowband sound induced by a preceding stimulus.

The authors show that a narrowband noise (NBN) is perceived as longer when presented immediately after a wideband noise (WBN), compared to when the WBN is absent. This effect depended on the WBN’s frequency spectrum overlapping that of the NBN, and it increased as the duration of the WBN increased up to 300 ms. It decreased when a silent gap was introduced between the WBN and NBN, but remained significant for an easily detectable gap of 40 ms. A correlate of the effect was observed in the mismatch negativity (MMN) to a deviant stimulus, consisting of a WBN + NBN, presented in a sequence of more common isolated WBNs. The MMN latency was longer for an on-frequency than for an off-frequency WBN; and, more importantly, the size of this difference correlated across participants with the difference in perceived duration. A rhythm-adjustment experiment showed that the presence of an on-frequency WBN immediately preceding a tone caused that tone to be heard as starting earlier than when the WBN was absent. The results are discussed in relation to the continuity illusion and models of duration encoding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

庄周梦蝶的哲学意蕴

庄周梦蝶的故事出自《庄子·齐物论》，庄周在梦中化蝶，醒后竞难以分清是自己梦到了蝴蝶，还是蝴蝶梦见了自己。通过现实与梦境的转换，庄周借这则故事抒发了自己对自由的向往以及对诗意精神家园的希冀。