基于心理图式的知识挖掘与创新设计——以国庆彩车设计为例

为了提高设计创新效率,本研究基于心理图式提出了国庆彩车的设计程序与方法。研究按照浅层、中层和深层的次序递进,设计心理图式划分为“造型图式”“叙事与动作图式”以及“人物和情感图式”的基本类别,并提出了综合性、时态性、差异性和集体性四类基本属性。而后结合新中国成立70周年彩车设计,对不同心理图式的应用方法和属性进行了案例分析。本文所提出的方法在设计实践中得到了实证,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于XML模式的D-矩阵描述及诊断应用

测试—故障依赖性矩阵(D-矩阵)是大系统装备故障诊断的基础和关键。针对目前TEAMS软件在舰船武器装备综合诊断应用中存在的D-矩阵数据不开放问题,本文借鉴EXPRESS诊断推理模型描述方法,设计了易在建模和算法间共享或交换的D-矩阵XML模式;并针对TEAMS软件,分析了基于多信号流模型的D-矩阵XML文档生成方法;最后以某超短波设备为例,对基于D-矩阵XML描述文档的诊断应用过程方法进行了详细分析。该方法增强了TEAMS软件的适用性,可解决D-矩阵数据在不同应用领域的共享和可交换难题。     

当代艺术手法对楚文化的追“艺”溯源--武汉国际博览中心大型公共艺术品《楚红》

传统文化归属感和现代元素的时代感是当代环境艺术设计中的两大主旋律。本案例基于武汉国际博览中心入口大堂主墙面景观装饰,在设计上融合楚文化精髓,吐故纳新,以地域特色为基准,以期提升武汉国际博览中心的地位。     

中国石油集团公司内控体系建设中的流程架构设计

流程架构设计是内部控制建设的重要环节,是控制活动的关键。本文全面阐述了中国石油集团公司流程架构设计及与内控建设的五大核心要素关系,分析了集团公司流程架构设计现状,给出了优化的建议。     

The psychology of thinking before the cognitive revolution: Otto Selz on problems, schemas, and creativity.

Otto Selz has been hailed as one of the most important precursors of the cognitive revolution, yet surprisingly few studies of his work exist. He is often mentioned in the context of the Würzburg School of the psychology of thinking and sometimes in the context of Gestalt psychology. In this paper, it is argued that Selz’s emphasis on the role of problems and schemas in the direction of thought processes and creativity sets him apart from the program of the Würzburg School. On the other hand, by developing a theory of thinking that is exclusively at the intentional level, Selz also differs from psychologists that take physics as a model for psychology, such as the Gestalt psychology of Wolfgang K?hler. Special emphasis is given in this paper to Selz’s use of the concept of problem or task and the concept of the schema. It is further argued that the concept of the schema is the result of Selz’s adaptation of the theory of relations as developed by the philosopher Meinong. The paper begins with a sketch of Selz’s life that ended so tragically. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exact Schema Theory for Genetic Programming and Variable-Length Genetic Algorithms with One-Point Crossover

A few schema theorems for genetic programming (GP) have been proposed in the literature in the last few years. Since they consider schema survival and disruption only, they can only provide a lower bound for the expected value of the number of instances of a given schema at the next generation rather than an exact value. This paper presents theoretical results for GP with one-point crossover which overcome this problem. First, we give an exact formulation for the expected number of instances of a schema at the next generation in terms of microscopic quantities. Due to this formulation we are then able to provide an improved version of an earlier GP schema theorem in which some (but not all) schema creation events are accounted for. Then, we extend this result to obtain an exact formulation in terms of macroscopic quantities which makes all the mechanisms of schema creation explicit. This theorem allows the exact formulation of the notion of effective fitness in GP and opens the way to future work on GP convergence, population sizing, operator biases, and bloat, to mention only some of the possibilities.     

On the inclusion of externally controlled actions in action planning.

According to ideomotor theories, perceiving action effects produced by others triggers corresponding action representations in the observer. We tested whether this principle extends to actions performed by externally controlled limbs and tools. Participants performed a go–no-go version of a spatial compatibility task in which their own actions resulted in the movement of a limb or tool, whereas a second, externally controlled limb or tool was seen performing a complementary go–no-go task. Spatial compatibility effects, indicating inclusion of the externally controlled effector in action planning, were observed when the externally controlled limb was identical to the controlled limb (Experiment 1) and when actions of limbs and tools (Experiment 2) or pairs of tools (Experiment 3 and 4) were combined according to participants' motor experience. When participants acted together, controlling a tool each, spatial compatibility effects occurred regardless of motor experience (Experiment 5). These findings demonstrate that (a) externally controlled tool actions are included in action planning and (b) social context modulates how externally controlled actions are mapped onto action representations. Implications of these findings for theories of perception–action links and object processing are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于预定义模式的Web网页结构化数据抽取

设计了一种基于预定义模式W eb网页结构化数据抽取包装器软件.该软件利用最新W eb技术、信息处理技术、人工智能技术对W eb网页结构化信息解析,从非结构化的、不包括任何语义的HTML文档中抽取结构化语义数据.选取了几个出版社的新书发布W eb页面进行了数据抽取验证和抽取结果分析.结果表明该软件可实现W eb网页新书发布信息集成,并提供新书检索服务.     

Distorted symptom perception in patients with medically unexplained symptoms.

The present study investigated differences in symptom perception between a clinical sample with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and a matched healthy control group. Participants (N = 58, 29 patients) were told that they would inhale different gas mixtures that might induce symptoms. Next, they went through 2 subsequent rebreathing trials consisting of a baseline (60 s room air breathing), a rebreathing phase (150 s, which gradually increased ventilation, PCO2 in the blood, and perceived dyspnea), and a recovery phase (150 s, returning to room air breathing). Breathing behavior was continuously monitored, and dyspnea was rated every 10 s. The within-subject correlations between dyspnea on the one hand and end-tidal CO2 and minute ventilation on the other were used to index the degree to which perceived dyspnea was related to specific relevant respiratory changes. The results showed that perceived symptoms were less strongly related to relevant physiological parameters in MUS patients than in healthy persons, specifically when afferent physiological input was relatively weak. This suggests a stronger role for top-down psychological processes in the symptom perception of patients with MUS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)