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1.
Project valuation, as a decision-making tool for initiating investments in projects, should be able to value project flexibilities and incorporate reasonable risk preferences of relevant decision makers. Real options valuation methods are the available approaches for valuing project flexibilities, whereas they have shortcomings in considering managers’ reasonable risk preferences in project decisions. Therefore, researchers have suggested approximating the perspective on risk of real options methods and practitioners in project management. This study proposes a fair real options valuation for project-based environments by a behavioral economic approach, which adopts binomial lattice method, Monte-Carlo simulation, and cumulative prospect theory. The results show that behavioral factors such as ‘risk attitude’ and ‘loss aversion’ should be accepted in project investment decisions while limited to an acceptable amount depending on the project conditions (e.g. uniqueness of decision-making scenarios). This research contributes to the project management domain by enhancing project investment decisions that include project flexibilities.  相似文献   
2.
Abstract

This article analyses mover flows in Glasgow and the role of ethnic homophily, the tendency for movers to be drawn to areas with similar ethnicities to their own. We look at how homophily affects the spatial relocation patterns of homeowners in Glasgow from Scottish, Indian, Pakistani and Chinese descent, and focus on the extent to which homophily extends beyond the immediate locality to surrounding neighbourhoods. Our interest is in estimating the “homophily horizon” – how far the gaze of homophily reaches in mover location decisions. Using a simple Schelling-type theoretical model, we argue that homophily horizons are potentially important in shaping the long-term social structure of cities as they may profoundly affect how potent the overall sorting tendencies of the housing market are in driving segregation. In principle, the more distant the homophily horizon, the more quickly the housing market will tend towards segregation, other things being equal. We adopt Folch and Rey’s use of the local centralization index to capture the influence of surrounding neighbourhoods in shaping mover flows and neighbourhood dynamics. Our estimation combines ethnic mover flows derived from surname analysis of house buyers from the house transactions recorded in Registers of Scotland data. Our results show that the presence of the own ethnic group in the local surroundings is important for explaining mover flows, and that homophily is a local phenomenon.  相似文献   
3.
在三支概念格的属性约简框架下,借助布尔矩阵理论,研究保持OE-对象粒矩阵不变的属性约简问题。给出OE-对象粒矩阵的概念以及OEG粒协调集的定义,在此基础之上讨论属性之间的相似性,并且刻画属性的内外重要度。针对对象导出三支概念格的形式背景设计基于矩阵理论的启发式属性约简算法。将上述理论结果应用于对象导出三支概念格的决策形式背景,提出三支协调决策形式背景及OEG粒协调集的概念,并且从规则提取的角度说明约简集对应的OE-概念格的决策形式背景的三支规则集比原背景的三支规则集更加简洁。通过数值实验阐明该理论的可行性和合理性。  相似文献   
4.
The analytical challenges in the evaluation of the impacts of transmission line investments have vexed practitioners and energy regulators. This study provides a compact analytical framework to improve the accuracy and predictability of such impacts from transmission line rehabilitation investments. The proposed approach is suitable for the evaluation of projects that are implemented in a broken electricity network. In such cases, the demand for electricity is deterred and the supply of the electricity is unreliable.  相似文献   
5.
在模糊信息系统中,通过有序加权平均(Ordered weighted averaging,OWA)算子计算对象相似度,可以建立λ截集的相容关系。当λ的值确定后,OWA算子中量词参数(α,β)的选取直接关系到不可区分关系的建立以及信息粒的粗细。因此合理选取参数(α,β)是值得进一步研究的问题。本文采用粗糙集三支决策理论,研究模糊信息系统 OWA算子参数选择的相关内容。基于参数的激进、中庸和消极语义,确定OWA算子(α,β)的3种常用取值;进而研究相似度、相容类、双向近似和三支区域在3种参数选择下的性质关系。最后利用实例验证分析了模糊量词参数语义解释的合理性。本文采用三支决策创新视角,得到模糊信息系统OWA算子的深入性质,为相关模糊量词参数提供语义解释与选择依据。  相似文献   
6.
The determinants of the premium value of patents for medical and cosmetic products are analyzed with respect to a complementary IP strategy such as trademarks. I discuss a novel method and database to gauge combinations of patent and trademark pairs regarding the same innovative project. The premium value is computed through a model of renewal decisions for the patent cohorts 1985–1990 that have been designated in the U.K. and Germany. After taking into the account several firm characteristics and patent indicators typically used in the literature, I find ample evidences that patent and trademark pairs are featured by higher valuations.  相似文献   
7.
在由一个制造商和一个再制造商构成的市场中,考虑消费者对于制造商的新产品、再制造产品以及再制造商的再制造产品都有着不同支付意愿的情形下,研究立法机构在制定制造商应回收处理新产品最低比例的约束情形时,对于企业收益、消费者剩余、环境效益以及社会福利的影响。研究表明,回收比例升高,会降低制造商新产品产量并提高其价格。同时,提高回收比例也可能会降低市场上的再制造产品数量。此外,环境效益与最低回收目标正相关。数值分析表明,当消费者对于再制造产品的支付意愿越高时,则社会福利越高。通过与回收基金政策进行对比,制定最低回收率对环境效益提高作用更显著。  相似文献   
8.
Cloud computing has developed as an important information technology paradigm which can provide on-demand services.Meanwhile,its energy consumption problem has attracted a growing attention both from academic and industrial communities.In this paper,from the perspective of cloud tasks,the relationship between cloud tasks and cloud platform energy consumption is established and analyzed on the basis of the multidimensional attributes of cloud tasks.Furthermore,a three-way clustering algorithm of cloud tasks is proposed for saving energy.In the algorithm,first,the cloud tasks are classified into three categories according to the content properties of the cloud tasks and resources respectively.Next,cloud tasks and cloud resources are clustered according to their computation characteristics (e.g.computation-intensive,data-intensive).Subsequently,greedy scheduling is performed.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the energy cost and improve resources utilization,compared with the general greedy scheduling algorithm.  相似文献   
9.
The theory of three-way concept analysis is newly developed, but so far there is no concrete algorithm for constructing three-way concepts. In order to solve this problem, a three-way concept construction algorithm named CbO3C is firstly proposed in this paper. The CbO3C adopts the idea of the construction algorithm CbO of formal concepts in formal concept analysis. At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency and lower the memory overhead, the CbO3C employs the partial closure canonicity test and inherited failure test to reduce the repeated computations of three-way concepts, applies the reduction condition to filter the non-core three-way concepts, and implements set operations on the basis of bits. The experiments with UCI and random data sets show that the CbO3C can correctly and efficiently calculate all core three-way concepts of a formal context.  相似文献   
10.
Current research has focused on whether nutrition labeling and pricing policies (e.g., soda taxes) influence food decisions; however, less attention has been given to how peers influence one’s food decisions. This study uses sales receipts from a full-service restaurant to take a closer look at how people order in groups. Results of the study revealed people may be less variety-seeking than previous research suggests; in fact, diners were more likely to seek variety when choosing an individual item, but not when choosing a menu category. In other words, diners wanted to be different from their dining companions, but not too different. This result was further confirmed with a model of food choice which shows diners derived more utility from an entrée when a fellow diner ordered an entrée in the same category. Interestingly, the presence of calorie labels on menus did not change the marginal utility of calories, suggesting peer effects may outweigh the effects of nutritional information.  相似文献   
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