Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Engine Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India;2. Combustion Engine and Energy Conversion Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626005, India;2. Department of Automobile Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Turkey;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 449-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal-462003, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela- 769008, India;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science and Technology Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal, M.P, India;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology Nandyal- 518501, India;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering, (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University), Belagavi, Mangalore-574153, India;6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIET - Shyampur, Rishikesh Uttrakhand 249204, India;7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indore Institute of Science and Technology Indore-453331, India;8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central Queensland University, School of Engineering and Technology, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia |
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| Abstract: | In this article, the status of fat and oil derived diesel fuels with respect to fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions is reviewed. The fuels considered are primarily the methyl esters of fatty acids derived from a variety of vegetable oils and animal fats, and referred to as biodiesel. The major obstacle to widespread use of biodiesel is the high cost relative to petroleum. Economics of biodiesel production are discussed, and it is concluded that the price of the feedstock fat or oil is the major factor determining biodiesel price.Biodiesel is completely miscible with petroleum diesel fuel, and is generally tested as a blend. The use of biodiesel in neat or blended form has no effect on the energy based engine fuel economy. The lubricity of these fuels is superior to conventional diesel, and this property is imparted to blends at levels above 20 vol%. Emissions of PM can be reduced dramatically through use of biodiesel in engines that are not high lube oil emitters. Emissions of NOx increase significantly for both neat and blended fuels in both two- and four-stroke engines. The increase may be lower in newer, lower NOx emitting four-strokes, but additional data are needed to confirm this conclusion. A discussion of available data on unregulated air toxins is presented, and it is concluded that definitive studies have yet to be performed in this area. A detailed discussion of important biodiesel properties and recommendations for future research is presented. Among the most important recommendations is the need for all future studies to employ biodiesel of well-known composition and purity, and to report detailed analyses. The purity levels necessary for achieving adequate engine endurance, compatibility with coatings and elastomers, cold flow properties, stability, and emissions performance must be better defined. |
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