饱和孔隙流体作用下甲烷水合物降压分解机制及实验研究

水合物地层中常含有饱和的孔隙流体，饱和孔隙流体的存在改变了水合物藏的传热及传质特性。通过实验模拟了饱和孔隙流体下多孔介质尺寸、分解温度、压降和注入流体类型对水合物的降压分解过程中产气速率的影响。结果表明：饱和孔隙流体下，产气速率受多孔介质尺寸、压降和注入流体类型影响较大，而受分解温度影响较小。实验范围内，水合物在大压降和小尺寸介质中分解更快速。水合物分解初始阶段，分解速率随着流体盐度的增加而增大；在中后阶段，分解速率随流体盐度的增加而降低。气体扩散阻力因盐溶液水化离子氛存在而增加并进一步阻碍水合物的分解。实际水合物藏开采过程中可通过增大压降和降低溶液盐度来解决该问题。

Experimental Study on Mechanism of Depressurizing Dissociation of Methane Hydrate under Saturated Pore Fluid

Sediment-hosted hydrate reservoir often contains saturated pore fluid, which changes the heat transfer and mass transfer characteristics of the hydrate reservoir. The exploitation of hydrate under saturated pore fluid using depressurization is simulated experimentally to investigate the influence of particle size of porous media, dissociation temperature, pressure drop and injected fluid type on gas production behavior. Homogeneous methane hydrate was firstly formed in frozen quartz sand. With the formed hydrate sample, hydrate dissociation experiments by depressurization were conducted. The test results showed that the gas production rate of hydrate under saturated pore fluid was substantially influenced by the particle size, the pressure drop and the injected fluid type, while it was influenced little by the dissociation temperature. The hydrate dissociates faster under larger pressure drop and in the presence of smaller porous media within the experimental region. The dissociation rate increases with an increasing fluid salinity in the initial stage, while it decreases in the later stage. The increase of gas diffusion resistance resulted from ionic hydration atmosphere in saturated chloride solution impeded the dissociation of hydrate. It can be solved by increasing the pressure drop and decreasing the fluid salinity in the process of gas recovery from hydrate reservoir.