硼铝金属化炸药的制备及性能表征（英）

以奥克托今(HMX)为基,加入氧化剂高氯酸铵(AP)、硼铝复合粉和粘结剂端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB),设计和制备硼铝金属化炸药.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测了硼粉、铝粉及硼铝复合粉的外观形貌;用热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)分析了奥克托今(HMX)和高氯酸铵(AP)对硼铝粉热氧化特性的影响,对硼铝粉的反应动力学机理进行了深入了解;为掌握金属化炸药对各种外界能量刺激的安全性以及传播爆轰波的能力, 测试了硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度、电火花感度、雷管起爆感度和起爆特性.结果表明,硼铝复合粉中,球形Al粉的表面有许多小颗粒的硼粉;在室温~1000 ℃范围和N2气氛下,虽然压力对HMX和AP的热分解峰温有影响,但是,Al粉和B粉仅发生部分氧化,不能燃烧;硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度为60%~80%,摩擦感度均为100%,电火花感度为3.83~6.40 kV,可以用8#工业雷管直接起爆,表明无粘结剂的硼铝金属化炸药感度较高,使用钝化HMX和AP后其感度明显降低,添加聚氨酯粘结剂后其感度进一步下降,当聚氨酯粘结剂含量为20%时,HMX基硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度小于10%,摩擦感度小于30%,显示能满足混合炸药制备及加工工艺的安全要求;此外,直径Φ50 mm的硼铝金属化炸药可以用8#工业雷管直接起爆,能稳定传播爆轰波,表现出较强的后效做功能力.

Preparation and Characterization of Metalized Explosive Containing B and Al Powder

Octagon (HMX) based metalized explosive containing boron (B)/aluminum(Al) compound powder, oxidizer ammonium perchlorate(AP) and binder hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) was designed and prepared.The appearance morphology of B powder, Al powder and B-Al compound powder were observed by SEM.The effects of HMX and AP on the thermal oxidation characteristics of B and Al powder were investigated by TG-DSC.A deeper understanding of reaction kinetic mechanism of the B and Al powder was made.The sensitivities(impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, electrostatic spark sensitivity, cap initiation sensitivity) and ignition and propagation properties for metalized containing B/Al were measured, which made a fully acknowledge of the safety under different external energy stimuli and ability of detonation propagation.The results show that there are many small particles of B powder on the surface of spherical Al powder in the B-Al compound powder.From room temperature(25 ℃) to 1000 ℃ under N2 atmosphere, although the pressures have an effect on the thermal decomposition peak temperature of HMX and AP, however partial oxidation of Al powder and B powder only occurs, whereas the combustion does not occur.The impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the metalized explosives containing B and Al powder are 40%-80%, 100% and 3.83-6.40 kV respectively, and all the metalized explosives designed can be intiated by 8# industrial detonator, which indicates that the mechanical sensitivity of the metalized explosive containing B and Al powder without binder is high.The mechanical sensitivity is obviously lowered by adding desensitized HMX and AP, and it can be further lowered by adding polyurethane binder.By increasing the 20% content of polyurethane binder HTPB, the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the HMX based metalized explosive containing B powder can be reduced less than 10% and 30%, respectively, revealing that the safety requirements for preparation and processing technology of mixed explosive can be satisfied.Additionally, the metalized explosive of Ф50 mm can be intiated by 8# industrial detonator and can propagate stable detonation, showing a strong after-effect power ability.