从药草园到专类园——欧洲大陆植物园的发展历程

欧洲大陆植物园的发展历程是一个循序渐进的过程,并与其园林艺术的发展轨迹相一致,即由中世纪的药草园开始,经过巴洛克花园,至18世纪自然风景园,再到近期的现代园林。早期的植物园以科研教学为主,发展至19世纪中期则以引种栽培全世界植物种质资源为目的,形成综合型植物园的标准模式。而近年来植物园的发展则越来越重视生态学研究,并且开始重点突出与当地气候和生境条件相适应的专类园。

From Medical Gardens to Theme Gardens——Development of Botanical Gardens on the European Continent

In the course of time, botanical gardens on the European continent have been modified frequently in their design and content, considering the changes from medical monastery gardens over gardens of the baroque period to landscape gardens of the 18th century and projects of the last decade. From its beginning as a mere garden for research, the botanical gardens has been developed by the mid-19th century with a fixed standard, involving a huge diversity of plant species from all over the world. Recent developm...