Dietary sitostanol and campestanol: Accumulation in the blood of humans with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and in rat tissues |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">William?E?ConnorEmail author Don?S?Lin Anuradha?S?Pappu Jiri?Frohlich Glenn?Gerhard |
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Affiliation: | (1) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., 97239-3098 Portland, OR;(2) Healthy Heart Program, St. Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
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Abstract: | Dietary sitostanol has a hypocholesterolemic effect because it decreases the absorption of cholesterol. However, its effects
on the sitostanol concentrations in the blood and tissues are relatively unknown, especially in patients with sitosterolemia
and xanthomatosis. These patients hyperabsorb all sterols and fail to excrete ingested sitosterol and other plant sterols
as normal people do. The goal of the present study was to examine the absorbability of dietary sitostanol in humans and animals
and its potential long-term effect. Two patients with sitosterolemia were fed the margarine Benecol (McNeill Nutritionals,
Ft. Washington, PA), which is enriched in sitostanol and campestanol, for 7–18 wk. Their plasma cholesterol levels decreased
from 180 to 167 mg/dL and 153 to 113 mg/dL, respectively. Campesterol and sitosterol also decreased. However, their plasma
sitostanol levels increased from 1.6 to 10.1 mg/dL and from 2.8 to 7.9 mg/dL, respectively. Plasma campestanol also increased.
After Benecol withdrawal, the decline in plasma of both sitostanol and campestanol was very sluggish. In an animal study,
two groups of rats were fed high-cholesterol diets with and without sitostanol for 4 wk. As expected, plasma and liver cholesterol
levels decreased 18 and 53%, respectively. The sitostanol in plasma increased fourfold, and sitostanol increased threefold
in skeletal muscle and twofold in heart muscle. Campestanol also increased significantly in both plasma and tissues. Our data
indicate that dietary sitostanol and campestanol are absorbed by patients with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and also by
rats. The absorbed plant stanols were deposited in rat tissues. Once absorbed by sitosterolemic patients, the prolonged retention
of sitostanol and campestanol in plasma might increase their atherogenic potential. |
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