基于GIS平台下的上海市城市公园可达性分析

目的]进一步提高城市公园服务效率和人口承载力.方法]通过大数据挖掘出上海市166个星级公园进而运用缓冲分析法进行可达性分析.结果](1)公园可达性整体分析发现,步行10 min、20 min、30 min公园可达性面积分别为146.94 km2、429.79 km2、697.23 km2,分别占上海市居住区面积的6.61％、19.35％、31.38％;自行车骑行5 min、10 min、15 min公园可达性面积分别为349.22 km2、780.14 km2、1175.78 km2,分别占上海市居住区面积的15.72％、35.12％、52.93％,整体可达性不高.(2)公园可达性区间均衡研究发现,16个区之间差异较大,各时段步行和自行车骑行的可达性黄浦区均最高,崇明区均最差;30 min步行可达性高于90％的有黄浦、长宁、静安、普陀、虹口、徐汇六个中心城区,低于10％的有奉贤、崇明、青浦、金山、嘉定五个郊区,15 min自行车可达性高于90％的有黄浦、长宁、静安、普陀、虹口、徐汇、杨浦七个中心城区;自行车骑行可达性低于10％的有奉贤、崇明、青浦三个郊区.(3)公园服务人口和人口承载力分析发现:步行和自行车服务人口比和人口承载力比高于90％的有长宁区、徐汇区二个中心区,低于20％的有崇明区、金山区、青浦区三个郊区.结论]通过可达性分析上海城市星级公园规划布局未达到理想状态,公园服务便捷功能仍有较大提升空间.

The Accessibility Analysis of Urban Parks in Shanghai Based on GIS Platform

【Purpose】Further improve the service efficiency and population carrying capacity of ur?ban parks.【Methods】166 star parks in Shanghai were mined through big data,and then the accessibility was analyzed by buffer analysis method.【Results】(1)The overall analysis of the accessibility of the park showed that the accessibility areas of the park were 146.94 km²,2429.79 km²and 697.23 km²,after walking for 10 min,20 min and 30 min,respectively,accounting for 6.61%,19.35%,and 31.38%of the residential area in Shanghai;By bicycle cycling for 5min,10min and 15min,the accessibility of the park was 349.22 km²,780.14 km²and 1175.78 km²,respectively,accounting for 15.72%,35.12%and 52.93%of the residential area in Shanghai.The overall accessibility was not high.(2)The equilibrium of the park accessibility interval shows that there is a great difference between the 16 districts.The accessibility of walking and cycling in each period is the highest in Huangpu district and the worst in Chongming district.The central urban areas with a 30 min walking accessibility higher than 90%were Huangpu,Changning,Jing'an,Putuo,Hongkou and Xuhui district,while the suburbs with a lower than 10%were Fengxian,Chongming,Qingpu,Jinshan and Jiading district.The central urban areas with a 15 min cycling accessi?bility higher than 90%were Huangpu,Changning,Jing'an,Putuo,Hongkou,Xuhui and Yangpu district.The suburbs such as Fengxian,Chongming and Qingpu district,have cycling accessibility less than 10%.(3)The analysis of park service population and population carrying capacity shows that in the two central areas such as Changning district and Xuhui district,the ratio of walking and cycling service population and that of population carrying capacity are higher than 90%,while those are lower than 20%in the three suburbs such as Chongming district,Jinshan district and Qingpu district.【Conclusion】Through the anal?ysis of accessibility,the planning and layout of star-level parks in Shanghai has not reached the ideal state,and the service and convenience functions of parks still have great room for improvement.