断裂系统对碳酸盐岩有效储层的控制及其成藏规律

古生界碳酸盐岩地层是我国油气勘探的重要层系之一，碳酸盐岩储层的形成和保存与次生孔 缝-洞的演化有密切的关系。地层不整合和断裂系统是影响碳酸盐岩储层发育的重要因素。根据断裂系统的不同性质及其影响碳酸盐岩储层裂缝演化和诱发溶蚀的不同机理，研究了4种断裂系统对碳酸盐岩储层的影响：①断层性质反转对碳酸盐岩储层形成和油气成藏的影响；②断层相关褶皱形成不同的碳酸盐岩储层和油藏类型；③多期、多类型断层叠加作用影响碳酸盐岩储层演化及其石油地质特征；④断裂导致热液蚀变或优化储层性能与油气成藏。研究揭示了反转断层表现出晚期成藏的理想条件为早期拉张晚期深埋生烃，以及断层相关褶皱有利于碳酸盐岩地层形成内幕型背斜油气藏;针对不同类型和多期次叠加断裂系统控制碳酸盐储层形成、保存及其成藏特征，分析得出断层富集带、多期断裂的垂向叠置、岩溶缓坡地貌以及构造热液的上升盘有利于形成碳酸盐岩有效储层和相关的油气聚集。

Control of fault system to formation of effective carbonate reservoir and the rules of petroleum accumulation

The Paleozoic carbonate stratum at the bottom of superimposed basins is very important for petroleum exploration in China. The evolution of pores, cracks and holes is responded to the formation and preservation of carbonate reservoirs. The strata unconformity and fault system are the important factors influencing the formation of carbonate reservoirs. Based on the different properties of fault system and control mechanism of the fault system to fracture evolution and induced karst of carbonate reservoir, the effects of four fault systems on carbonate reservoirs were researched, including the effect of fault overturning in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and the formation of carbonate reservoirs, the effects of fault-related folds on the formation of different types of carbonate reservoirs, the lapping effects of multi-stages faults on the evolution of carbonate reservoirs and their characteristics of petroleum geology, the carbonate reservoir properties and hydrocarbon accumulation resulted from hydrothermal alteration induced by faults. The study result shows that the inversion faults are beneficial to the late accumulation of hydrocarbon under the ideal conditions of early extension and late burial as well as the fault-related folds beneficial to form the insider type of anticline reservoir. The fault-enrichment zone, multi-lapping faults and karst slope are favorable to the formation of effective strata and related hydrocarbon accumulation in the carbonate reservoirs.