金属表面新型绿色海洋防污功能膜层的研究进展

海洋中金属设备的生物污损会引起许多问题，如设备的额外能量消耗、高额的维护成本以及严重的金属腐蚀破坏，给海洋工程带来很大损失。在金属表面构建防污膜层是解决其海洋生物污损问题的重要途径。概括了海洋防污膜层的发展历程与金属表面环境友好型防污膜层的研究进展，并重点介绍了新型海洋防污功能膜层及其研究方向。目前，金属表面新型海洋防污膜层的开发主要集中于结构防污和功能防污2个方面。在结构防污方面，在金属表面构建仿生微纳结构，并以低表面能物质修饰，形成超疏水表面，能够显著提高其抗海洋生物附着的能力，达到绿色防污的目的;在功能防污方面，在金属表面制备具有可控释放防污抗菌剂能力的功能膜层，可以实现在环境保护前提下的高效抗菌防污，是未来研究的发展方向。层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)和金属–有机骨架(MOFs)材料具有合成物选择多样、微观结构独特的特点，自身具备抗菌能力或负载大量防污抗菌剂的能力，并可实现防污抗菌剂的可控释放，有望成为具有理想抗菌功能的新型海洋防污剂负载材料。

Research Progress of New Green Marine Antifouling Functional Film on Metal Surface

Biofouling of marine metals equipment by marine organisms in the ocean may cause many problems, including additional energy consumption, high maintenance cost, and severe corrosion damage, resulting in great loss in marine engineering. The construction of antifouling film layer on metal surface is an important way to solve the problem of marine biofouling. This paper summarizes the development process of marine anti-fouling membranes and the research status of environmentally friendly anti-fouling membranes, and focuses particularly on the new anti-fouling functional membranes and their research direction. At present, the development of new marine antifouling film on metal surface mainly focuses on two aspects:structural antifouling and functional antifouling. In terms of structural antifouling, the bionic micro-nano structure is constructed on the metal surface, and modified with low surface energy substances to form a superhydrophobic surface, which can significantly improve its ability to resist the attachment of marine organisms and achieve the purpose of green antifouling. In terms of functional antifouling, the preparation of a functional film with controllable release of antibacterial agents on the surface of metals can achieve high-efficiency antibacterial and antifouling under the premise of environmental protection, which is the future research direction. Layered double metal hydroxides (LDHs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have the characteristics of diverse composition choices and unique microstructures, and have antibacterial ability or the ability to load antibacterial agents, and can realize the controllable release of antibacterial agents, which are expected to become novel marine antifoulant-loading materials (carriers) with ideal antifouling performance.