铜渣中铁硅分离的研究进展

铜渣是火法炼铜过程中产生的主要固体废弃物，其堆存处置不仅占用大量土地，对周围水和土壤也会造成污染。铜渣中Fe含量高达35%~40%，铁的提取是铜渣资源化利用的主要研究方向之一。铜渣中主要化学组成为Fe和SiO₂，主要物相为铁橄榄石和磁铁矿，因此铁硅分离是实现铁选择性提取的核心。本文回顾了目前铜渣中铁硅分离方法，主要包括磁选法、熔分法、选择性氧化-磁选法、碳热还原-磁选法、氧化焙烧-碱浸法和碳热还原-碱浸法，并对各方法的原理、研究现状及存在问题进行分析和总结。发现铜渣中单一提取铁会产生大量二次尾矿（渣），铁硅综合提取是实现铜渣清洁、高值化利用的关键。 

Research progress on the separation of iron and silicon from copper slag

Copper slag is the main solid waste generated during copper production by pyrometallurgical method. Its stockpile not only occupies a lot of land but also pollutes the surrounding water and soil. One of the main research directions for the resource utilization of copper slag is iron extraction since the Fe content is as high as 35%~40%. In copper slag, Fe and SiO₂ are the main chemical compositions, and the main minerals are fayalite and magnetite. Thus the core issue for selectively extracting iron from copper slag is the efficient separation between iron and silicon. The current methods of separating iron and silicon from copper slag were reviewed in this paper, such as magnetic separation, smelting reduction, selective oxidation-magnetic separation, carbothermal reduction-magnetic separation, oxidation roasting-alkaline leaching and carbothermal reduction-alkaline leaching. Furthermore, their principles, research status and existing problems were also analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the sole recovery of iron from copper slag generated large amounts of secondary tailing or slag, but the comprehensive recovery of iron and silicon was the key to obtaining clean copper slag with high-value utilization.