陶瓷膜饮用水处理技术发展与展望

膜分离技术作为一种重要的饮用水安全保障技术,在饮用水处理领域具有广阔的应用前景.由于其制备成本相对较低,有机膜在膜法饮用水处理中得到广泛研究与应用,但物理、化学和热稳定性较差,使用寿命较短等缺点限制了其进一步推广应用,因而研究材料性能优势更为显著的无机陶瓷膜尤为必要.本文介绍了陶瓷膜的分类和特点,分析了陶瓷膜的过滤机制和膜污染机理,综述了陶瓷膜技术、预处理与陶瓷膜组合工艺以及陶瓷膜表面改性技术在饮用水处理中的研究进展,进而展望了陶瓷膜饮用水处理技术的发展前景.指出陶瓷膜因其显著的材料优势而具有更广阔的应用前景,优化陶瓷膜制备技术、深化膜污染和膜前预处理机制研究以及以陶瓷膜为核心的组合工艺调控是陶瓷膜饮用水处理技术的重要研究方向.

Research progress of ceramic membrane technology for drinking water treatment

As an important technology for drinking water safety guarantee, membrane separation has its promising application prospects in drinking water treatment. Due to relatively low fabrication cost, polymeric membrane has been widely studied and used in membrane separation technology for drinking water treatment. However, some disadvantages limit its further application, including poor physical, chemical and thermodynamic stability and short lifespan. Therefore the study of ceramic membrane with prominent material advantages becomes especially important. In this review, the classification and characteristics of ceramic membrane were introduced firstly; then the mechanisms of filtration and membrane fouling were analyzed, and the research progress of ceramic membrane technology, combined process of pretreatments and ceramic membrane, and surface modification technology for ceramic membrane in drinking water treatment were discussed; further the prospect of ceramic membrane technology in drinking water treatment was presented. The optimization of preparation technology, enhancement of the study of mechanisms for membrane fouling and pretreatments, and the optimization of hybrid processes are becoming important research directions of ceramic membrane technology for drinking water treatment.