Structure and properties of a sintered bronze-graphite antifriction material

Conclusions The results of this investigation show that tin, on dissolving in copper, increases its hardness; the carbon of graphite reduces copper oxides and inhibits grain growth; lead, being in the liquid state during sintering, promotes grain growth and increases porosity. Tin, on reacting with copper, lead, and graphite, cements them into a single, strong conglomerate satisfying the requirements for antifriction materials. By adding 24 vol.% of graphite and lead to copper and ensuring good contact between these additions and the matrix, an alloy has been produced possessing satisfactory frictional and wear properties.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 6(222), pp. 48–53, June, 1981.