基于模糊数学的矿区土壤重金属污染评价——以信丰稀土矿区为例

根据土壤重金属污染评价具有的模糊性和渐变性特点，建立模糊数学污染评价模型分析重金属的污染程度.结果显示单个重金属无污染，矿区综合土壤质量等级为1级，评价分值为97.034，属于安全水平. 在此基础上，与传统的污染指数对比分析，单因子污染指数显示Ni和Pb为轻度污染，地累积指数显示Pb为中度污染，内梅罗指数和潜在生态危害指数显示为无污染和轻微生态危害.研究表明:模糊评价法不仅可以对土壤重金属进行评价，还可以建立隶属度函数描述土壤重金属污染状况的模糊性和渐变性，解决传统污染指数评价法存在的不足，比传统污染指数评价法更为客观、准确，可以作为一种有效的矿区土壤重金属污染程度的评价方法. 

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in mining area based on fuzzy mathematics ---a case study of Xinfeng rare earth mining area

According to the fuzzy feature and gradation feature in the evaluation of soil heavy metalsˊpollution, heavy metals were analyzed through construction of fuzzy mathematics pollution evaluation model. The results show that a single heavy metal is pollution-free, and mine integrated soil quality grade is one level with evaluation score of 97.034, which is of a safe level. On this basis, single factor pollution index shows that Ni and Pb are slightly polluted in contrast with traditional pollution index analysis. The index of geoaccumulation shows that Pb is moderately polluted, and Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index prove to be pollution-free and slight ecological harm. Studies show that fuzzy evaluation method can not only be evaluated on the soil of heavy metals, but also establish the membership function to describe heavy metal contamination of soil ambiguity and gradual change, which can overcome the shortcomings of traditional pollution index evaluation method, and can be used as an effective evaluation method of soil heavy metals mining pollution levels because it is more objective and accurate than traditional method.