基于改进两部制的天然气管输定价研究

近年来我国部分城市相继出现天然气供应紧张局面,天然气短缺暴露了现行天然气定价机制的不足.研究科学合理的天然气管输定价方法,对于完善我国天然气定价机制,确定合理的天然气价格具有十分重要的作用.目前,我国主要采取“老线老价、新线新价”的天然气管输定价方法.对于“老线老价”,天然气管输定价参照铁路运输定价方法具有很大的不科学性.“新线新价”虽然在很大程度上解决了过去管道运输定价机制套用铁路运价所带来的问题,但也存在许多不足,如无法真实反映价值、没有考虑到天然气工业的发展阶段、无法反映用户结构的多样性、没有反映出供求关系以及无法起到削峰填谷的作用等.目前我国受管制行业广泛采用两部制定价方法,这虽然有利于实现经济福利最大化,但它是以固定费用的征收不会使消费者退出消费市场为前提的,没有考虑不同消费者的价格承受能力,也没有考虑需求量的波动,因此在原有两部制的基础上做出改进,使其更加科学合理.

Piped Natural Gas Pricing Based on Improved Two-Part Pricing Method

In recent years,some cities in China have suffered tight natural gas supplies.The shortage of natural gas reflects a defected natural gas pricing mechanism.Developing a rational piped natural gas pricing method is very important to optimizing China’s natural gas pricing mechanism and setting reasonable natural gas prices.The current piped natural gas pricing mechanism in China is primarily characterized by old prices for old pipelines and new prices for new pipelines.The pricing method for old gas pipelines,which was modeled on the railway transportation pricing mechanism,is very irrational.The pricing method for new pipelines addresses the defects in that for old pipelines but also has many defects,such as the inability to reflect the true value of the gas,disregard to the different stages of the gas industry and the inability to reflect the diversity of gas users and supply-demand relationship and to take the role of peak shaving.Most regulated industries currently in China use the two-part pricing method.This method is instrumental to the maximization of economic benefits,but it is based on the premise that fixed fees would not force consumers out of the market and has no regard to the different affordability of different consumers and the fluctuations in demand.Therefore,we have made some improvements to the two-part method to make it more rational.