Population growth of the khapra beetle,Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on different commodities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., Nea Ionia, 38446, Magnissia, Greece;2. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;3. Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece;4. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece;1. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science & Technology, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA;3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;1. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;2. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece;1. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., Nea Ionia 38446, Magnissia, Greece;2. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Attica, Greece;3. Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Attica, Greece;4. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;1. IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils Km 2, 08348, Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain;2. Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, UPM; c/ Avenida de Puerta de Hierro nº 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain;1. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;2. Directorate of Plant Produce Protection, Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 150 Sygrou Ave., 17671, Athens, Attica, Greece |
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| Abstract: | We evaluated the population growth of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on different grains, cracked wheat containment categories and amylaceous materials by conducting three series of laboratory bioassays. In the first series, peeled barley, whole (raw) barley, peeled oats, whole (raw) oats, peeled rice, rough rice, rye, triticale and hard wheat were tested. In the second series, six cracked wheat containment categories were tested: wheat containing intact kernels only (0% cracked kernels), wheat containing 5% cracked kernels and 95% intact kernels, wheat containing 10% cracked kernels and 90% intact kernels, wheat containing 25% cracked kernels and 75% intact kernels, wheat containing 50% cracked kernels and 50% intact kernels and wheat containing 100% cracked kernels. In the third series, the following amylaceous commodities were tested: hard wheat (intact kernels), whole oat flakes, maize flour, whole barley flour, pasta, white soft wheat flour, whole soft wheat flour, white hard wheat flour, whole hard wheat flour, whole rye flour and semolina. Significantly more dead adults were found on wheat than on peeled barley, maize, whole oats, rough rice and rye. Significantly more larvae alive were found on wheat and triticale, than on the other grains, with the exception of oats, both whole and peeled. The increase of the percentage of cracked wheat kernels increased population growth, except in the case of 10% cracked wheat kernels. In vials that contained 100% cracked wheat kernels, 584.1 individuals per vial were found, which was 3.7 times more than the respective number of larvae alive in vials with intact wheat kernels only. Significantly more dead adults were found on whole barley flour than on the other commodities. More than 1213 larvae per vial were recorded on whole barley flour, which was 1.3–15 times higher than the other commodities. The lowest number of larvae alive was found on pasta, followed by the white soft wheat flour. The findings of the present work show that some commodities are more prone to spread T. granarium than others, a fact which should be seriously taken into account in international trade of grains and related amylaceous products. |
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| Keywords: | Food preferences Population growth Grains Cracked wheat Amylaceous commodities |
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