聚合植物油脂表面活性剂的制备及其结构与性能

采用环氧大豆油(ESO)为原料,乙酸乙酯为溶剂,四氯化锡为催化剂,通过环氧大豆油的开环自聚,制备聚合环氧大豆油(PESO);再将PESO在碱性条件下水解,洗涤纯化后得到水解聚合环氧大豆油(HPESO)。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对HPESO的结构及分子量分布进行了表征,并对得到的水解聚合环氧大豆油脂肪酸钾盐表面活性剂(HPESO-K)的临界胶束浓度cmc及其表面张力(γ_cmc)、Krafft点(KP)、液体石蜡/水体系的乳化能力(EP)与抑泡及消泡能力(FP)进行了研究。结果表明:HPESO的数均分子量范围为1056～1156g/mol,重均分子量范围为1255～1374g/mol。在水溶液pH值为9～12条件下,HPESO-K的cmc值为0.13～0.41g/L,γ_cmc值为25.6～31.2mN/m。在水溶液pH=9条件下测得HPESO-K的Krafft点为37℃,液体石蜡/水体系中分出10mL水的时间为130s,亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值范围为10～11。

Synthesis,structure and properties of polymerized vegetable oils-based surfactants

Polymerized epoxidized soybean oil (PESO) was firstly prepared through the ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil in ethyl acetate using SnCl₄ as catalyst. The hydrolyzed PESO (HPESO) was obtained via the hydrolyzation of PESO under alkaline condition after purification. The structure of HPESO was characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The molecular weight of HPESO was obtained by GPC. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc),the surface tensions corresponding to cmc (γ_cmc),the Krafft point (KP),the emulsification properties (EP),and the foam proterties (FP) of the K⁺ counterion of HPESO (HPESO-K) were investigated. The M_n of HPESO ranged from 1056g/mol to 1156g/mol and the M_w of HPESO ranged from 1255g/mol to 1374g/mol. Through varying the pH of HPECO-K aqueous solution from 9 to 11,the cmc of HPESO-K surfactant ranged from 0.13g/L to 0.41g/L and the γ_cmc of HPECO-K ranged from 25.6mN/m to 31.2mN/m,respectively. The KP of HPECO-K was 37℃ when the pH of HPECO-K solution was 9. When the surfactant was used as emulsifier,the time for 10mL water separated from the turpentine/water emulsion was 130s. The hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) of HPECO-K was in the range of 10—11.