水产品中麻痹性贝类毒素（PSTs）检测技术的研究进展

麻痹性贝类毒素是一种分布范围广及危害较大的赤潮毒素。可经食物链的富集、传递作用,引发人体麻痹性中毒,大量发生的中毒事件,对人类健康和经济构成了严重威胁。目前,麻痹性贝类毒素常用检测技术主要是小鼠生物法、高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫试剂盒测试法,这些检测方法均有各自的优势,但麻痹性贝类毒素成分多且复杂、结构特殊,毒性又较强,这使得其监管检测较为困难,亟待建立快速简便、灵敏度高、特异性强的分析检测方法。本文基于麻痹性贝类毒素的基本性质,依据检测原理的不同论述了其生物检测技术、仪器分析技术和生化测试技术,并对各类技术的特点进行分析,提出建设性的意见,最后展望了未来麻痹性贝类毒素检测技术的发展趋势,以期为麻痹性贝类毒素检测监管提供借鉴。

Developments in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST)-detection Techniques

Paralytic shellfish poisoning, caused by the ingestion of shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), has been reported in many countries. These poisoning incidents have resulted in losses to local economies due to a negative impact on shellfish harvests. Currently, the mouse bioassay (MBA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are widely used to detect PSTs. Although these techniques have many advantages, high toxicity and the presence of many complex components and special structures makes the analysis of this group of compounds especially challenging. A rapid, simple, effective, and specific method needs to be designed. Biological methods, techniques for instrumental analysis, and biochemical tests for the detection of PSTs in shellfish, cyanobacteria, and contaminated water are summarized in this paper, and their advantages and disadvantages for particular applications are discussed. Future studies that will contribute to their improvement are also discussed.