光伏阵列无线传感节点设计及故障诊断应用

针对现有光伏阵列的故障检测方法精度和效率不足且难以定位故障光伏组件等问题，设计了一种基于STM32的光伏阵列无线传感节点及故障诊断系统。该无线传感节点硬件以STM32F103为核心控制器，主要包括主控模块、电源模块、数据采集模块、数据通讯模块；软件端通过自定义通信协议，将测量结果通过ZigBee无线模块对数据帧可靠传输，上位机可监测到逆变器扫描光伏阵列电流-电压(I-V)特性过程中各光伏组件的电压数据。实验中人工模拟了光伏组件常见的阴影、旁路二极管短路故障，通过无线传感节点测得的电压波形，可实现光伏阵列中故障诊断与定位。实测结果表明，该系统可获取逆变器扫描光伏阵列I-V特性过程中组件电压波形，便于运维人员及时准确地定位光伏组件故障。

Design of photovoltaic array wireless sensor nodes and its application in fault diagnosis

The photovoltaic (PV) array wireless sensor node and fault diagnosis system based on STM32 is designed aiming at the problems of the existing methods of PV array fault detection are lack of accurate and efficient and difficult to locate faulty PV modules. STM32F103 is used as the core controller of the wireless sensor node hardware. It is mainly composed of power module, main control module, data sampling module, data communication module. Using defined communication protocol, the measurement results are reliably transmitted as data frames through ZigBee wireless module, the monitor computer can monitor the voltage data of PV modules in the process of inverter scanning the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of PV array. In the experiments, the common shading and short-circuit of bypass diode failure of PV modules are artificially caused. The voltage waveforms of PV modules are measured by the wireless sensor node, which can realize fault diagnosis and location in PV array. The experimental results show that the system can obtain the voltage waveform of PV array when the inverter scans the I-V characteristics of PV array, facilitating maintainers to locate PV module faults timely and accurately.