公众温室气体灾害风险感知的对比研究

随着经济社会的快速发展,温室气体的排放量迅速增加,温室效应对公众生活的影响日益明显.为了解公众对温室气体灾害风险的感知状况,促进社会生活向低碳方式转变,笔者以苏州市公众为研究对象,运用心理测量范式的研究方法,比较分析公众对温室气体灾害与其他7种灾害的风险感知水平,并分析影响公众温室气体风险感知水平的因素.结果表明：8种灾害风险中,温室气体灾害风险的可接受程度最高,而熟悉程度、后果危害程度、发生灾害可控程度和风险总评均较低;女性、教师、研究人员、学生以及文化程度高的人群对温室气体灾害的风险感知水平较高;公众的风险总评受到风险的可接受程度和后果危害程度两个风险因子的显著影响.建议政府加大对温室气体相关知识的宣传力度,针对不同特征的人群建立可靠的沟通渠道,提高信息公开及时度,建立完善的灾害风险预警机制,将公众的风险感知水平控制在理性范围内,引导公众积极参与到温室气体减排行动中.

A comparative study on public perception of greenhouse gas risk

With the speedy development of economy and society, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions increase rapidly, thus the greenhouse effect has a growing influence on public life. In order to understand the public perception of GHG risks and to promote the transformation of social life towards a low-carbon way, a questionnaire survey by using the psychometric paradigm method was conducted in Suzhou to comparatively analyze the public risk perception of GHG and other 7 disasters as well as the influencing factors of GHG risk perception. The results showed that： （1）Compared with other 7 disasters, the acceptability of the GHG risks scored the highest, while knowledge, damage consequences, risk controllability and the overall risk evaluation of the GHG risks scored the lowest; （2）The GHG risk perception level of women, teachers, researchers, students, and high-educated people was relatively high; （3 ）The public＇s overall risk evaluation of the GHG risks was significantly affected by acceptability and damage consequences. Accordingly, the government should promote the propaganda of the GHG knowledge, establish reliable communication channels based on different characteristics of the population, improve the timeliness of information disclosure, and build a sound risk warning mechanism to control the public risk perception at a rational level and to guide the public to actively participate in the GHG mitigation actions.