基于WEI+的流域水资源短缺分析

为了分析我国各流域的水资源短缺现状,引入欧盟开发改进的水资源开发利用系数(Water Exploitation Index Plus,简称WEI+),以全国10个水资源一级区作为研究对象,计算2003—2012年各水资源一级区的水资源短缺情况。结果表明:(1)WEI+指数最小的是西南诸河区,其均值为1.9%;WEI+指数最大的是海河区,其均值为130%;且南方4区的WEI+指数均小于北方6区,说明我国北方比南方面临更为严重的水资源短缺问题。(2)南方4区的WEI+指数在2003—2012年间波动不大,而北方6区的WEI+指数波动剧烈;大部分地区的WEI+指数均呈现出下降趋势,这说明区域的水资源短缺情况有所缓解。(3)WEI+指数与流域水利水电开发利用程度在空间上的分布规律基本类似,这说明WEI+指数能够有效反映区域的水资源短缺情况。

Water Scarcity Analysis of River Basins in China Based on Water Exploitation Index Plus

In the aim of assessing the water scarcity situation of river basins in China,Water Exploitation Index Plus(WEI+)developed by European Union was introduced to compute the water scarcity situations from 2003 to 2012 in ten first-grade districts of water resources in China.Results show that the WEI+ in rivers basin in Southwest China is the smallest,with the average value of 1.9％,and that of Haihe River Basin is the largest,with the average value of 130％.The WEI+ values of six basins in the North are larger than those of four basins in the South,indicating a severe water scarcity situation in North China.The WEI+ values of four basins in the South changed little during 2003-2012,while those of six basins in the North fluctuated greatly.Moreover,the WEI+ values of most river basins displayed a downward trend,showing the alleviation of water scarcity situation.In addition,the spatial distribution pattern of WEI+ is generally similar with that of water conservancy development and utilization degree,which indicates that WEI+ could effectively reflect the regional water scarcity situation in China.