基于加速度信号全谱分析的转子碰摩故障特征提取实验研究

转子在运行过程中的振动加速度信号包含了转子运行状态大量信号，瞬态过程中故障加速度信号特征的提取及其识别对于旋转机械故障诊断是十分重要的。旋转机械振动的全谱分析是一种使一些典型故障尤萁是碰摩故障能被很清楚检测出来的有效方法，本文在对旋转机械转子中的一些典型碰摩故障进行了模拟试验，以及对故障发生过程中的加速度信号进行采集的基础上，对转子故障加速度信号的全谱特性进行了分析，提取和总结出由故障造成的加速度信号突变和对应的谱特征。分析结果表明：采用转子振动加速度信号对转子的碰摩故障进行诊断是有效的。加速度信号全谱图可以丰富旋转机械碰摩故障诊断系统知识库中的特征信息，对于更准确地诊断转子中的碰摩故障具有重要意义。

Feature Extraction Based on Acceleration Signal's Full Spectrum Analysis for Compound Rub Malfunctions of Rotor

The acceleration signals of rotor in operation consist of plenty of information about its running condition,Extraction and identification of the acceleration features in the process of speed change are necessary for the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The full spectrum analysis of rotating machine vibration signals is an efficient method that enables the symptoms of some special types of fault (especially for rub) to be clearly detected. Some typical kinds of rub caused by different malfunctions have been simulated by experiments in this study. Acceleration signals have been received by experimental apparatus and analyzed with full spectrum. The abrupt changes in surging acceleration signals of rotor malfunctions can be detected and its fault feature spectrums are shown in full spectrum. The results indicate the potential and feasibility of this approach in the diagnosis of rotor malfunctions. The full spectrum diagram can enrich the feature information for the knowledge base of the rotating machinery rub fault diagnosis system and is of great significance to diagnose rub faults in rotor more accurately.