Bomb calorimetry as a bulk characterization tool for carbon nanostructures |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida;1. Valahia University of Târgovişte, Department of Mathematics, Bd. Unirii 18, 130082 Târgovişte, Romania;2. Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independenţei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania;3. Universidad de Costa Rica, Department of Mathematics, San Jose, Costa Rica;1. State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China;2. Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A628, 1-3 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China;1. Division of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China;2. Division of Ophthalmology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China;3. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China;4. Division of Neurology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China;5. Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, NW Washington DC 20037, USA;6. Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Center for Translational Medicine, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China;1. Research Group TERMOCAL, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;2. Centro Español de Metrología, Alfar 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consisting of coaxial graphene cylinders (cylindrical MWCNTs), cones (herringbone MWCNTs) or carbon fibers were combusted in an isothermal bomb calorimeter. Their standard enthalpies of formation were determined to be 16.56 ± 2.76 kJ mol−1(C – per carbon mol) for carbon fibers, 21.70 ± 1.32 kJ mol−1(C) for herringbone MWCNTs and 8.60 ± 0.52 kJ mol−1(C) for cylindrical ones. All materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. A linear correlation between the standard enthalpies of formation and D/G and G′/G Raman bands ratio (D – band is centered at 1350 cm−1, G – 1585 cm−1, G′ – 2700 cm−1) demonstrates the applicability of bomb calorimetry for characterization of the “defectiveness” of the bulk carbon material in the sense Raman spectroscopy is widely used nowadays. Also, we show that the calorimetry may be used to estimate the oxygen content in the bulk carbon nanomaterials, as there is a linear correlation between the oxygen content (both total content and in carboxyl groups separately) and the standard enthalpies of formation for herringbone nanotubes oxidized by nitric acid. |
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