基于IOWA和向量夹角余弦的建筑火灾风险评估

针对超高层建筑火灾指标模糊性、专家认知极端性等特点造成传统评价方法难以界定火灾安全等级的问题，提出基于IOWA和向量夹角余弦的超高层建筑火灾风险评估模型。首先从防火能力、灭火能力、安全疏散及施救能力、管理能力4个维度构建指标体系。然后运用IOWA算子（Induced Ordered Weighted Average Operator）对决策数据二次排序，消除数据冲突，降低数据极端性并引入█(θ)系数，动态调整边界权值，得到指标权重。接着借助向量夹角余弦通过计算评价目标实际安全状态与理想安全状态的贴近度确定超高层建筑火灾安全等级，利用敏感性分析得出影响超高层建筑火灾安全的关键指标。应用本方法对已有3个文献的成果进行实证分析，结果表明，本方法计算结果与原文献结论一致，均认为原有文献案例中超高层建筑火灾安全等级高，并指出总图布置、火灾自动报警系统、疏散设施、安全制度落实情况是影响超高层建筑火灾安全的关键指标。

Building fire risk assessment based on IOWA and vector angle cosine

Aiming at the problem that traditional evaluation methods are difficult to scientifically define fire safety levels due to the ambiguity of super high-rise building fire indicators and extreme cognition of experts, a super high-rise building fire risk assessment model based on IOWA and vector angle cosine is proposed. First, build an index system from four dimensions: fire protection capability, fire extinguishing capability, safe evacuation and rescue capability, and management capability. Then use the IOWA(Induced Ordered Weighted Average) operator to sort the decision data twice, eliminate data conflicts, reduce data extremes and introduce coefficients █(θ), dynamically adjust boundary weights, and obtain indicator weights. Then, with the aid of the vector angle cosine, the fire safety level of the super high-rise building is determined by calculating the closeness between the actual safety state of the evaluation target and the ideal safety state, and the key indicators that affect the fire safety of the super high-rise building are obtained by sensitivity analysis. Applying this method to the empirical analysis of the results of the three existing documents, the results show that the calculation results of this method are consistent with the conclusions of the original documents. It is believed that the fire safety level of super high-rise buildings in the original document cases is high, and the general layout, automatic fire alarm system, evacuation facilities, and the implementation of safety systems are key indicators that affect the fire safety of super high-rise buildings.