Newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism

Over the past 5 years, a large collaborative study of chemically-induced mutation has been performed using the four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA2638 and Escherichia coli WP2/pKM101 and WP2 uvrA/pKM101 in order to compare the specific spectrum of response to chemicals and to evaluate the usefulness (sensitivity) of each strain. Following the two collaborative studies to test the chemicals in category 1, chemicals previously judged as positive only in E. coli WP2 strains and derivatives of these chemicals, and category 2, oxidative agents or crosslinking agents, 22 compounds of category 3 consisting of 10 nonmutagenic carcinogens and another 12 chemicals were selected in this study. Twenty participating laboratories tested each compound in the same method as previous reports. In the group of nonmutagenic carcinogens, no chemical induced revertant colonies of any strain tested. In the group of other chemicals, response to the chemicals was similar in TA102 and WP2 uvrA/pKM101. Overall, in the three collaborative studies, a total of 79 compounds were tested. No difference in qualitative response to the four strains was observed for 71% (56/79) of the test chemicals. The combination of strains providing the greatest number of positive responses was WP2 uvrA/pKM101 with TA102; 84% (66/79) of the test chemicals elicited the same qualitative response in these two strains. Therefore, it is suggested that WP2 uvrA/pKM101 and TA102 can be included as a part of the standard tester strains for detection of mutagenic activity of chemicals.