保证覆盖的无线传感器网络梯度部署方法

在大规模随机部署的无线传感器网络中，数据通常逐跳汇聚到Sink节点，因而与Sink邻近的节点需要转发大量的数据，从而导致了Sink邻近区域内的节点因能量耗尽而引起网络失效。此时，外层区域的节点仍剩余大量的能量。本文首先提出了网络生存期最大化部署的问题，分析了无线传感器网络数据转发的特点，基于此特点给出了梯度的节点密 密度部署方法，以提高能量利用率，最小化剩余能量，最后通过理论和实验分析了梯度部署方法的性能。

A Coverage-Guaranteed Gradient Nodes Placement for Wireless Sensor Networks

All data traverse through the network and aim to the sink in a large-scale,randomly-deployed wireless sensor network, the nodes closer to the sink switch more data and run out of energy more quickly than others. When the network fails due to the failure of the nodes near the sink, the outer nodes remain abundant energy resulting in low-energy efficiency. In this paper, we present a Maximize Lifetime Placement problem, which minimizes the cost of networks, and then analyze the characteristics of data collection and coverage in randomly-deployed sensor networks. The gradient node placement is proposed to solve the problem and the basics of the method is the node density decreases with the growing distance to the sink. Compared with the random placement, the gradient placement saves nodes and improves the energy utility. At last, a simulator is designed to evaluate the performance of the gradient nodes placement.