三氢化铝稳定化方法研究进展

系统介绍了三氢化铝(α-AlH3)作为固体推进剂高能燃料的重要应用价值,和当前阻碍其广泛使用的两大因素。从提高α-AlH3的热稳定性出发,综述了导致α-AlH3不稳定的本征原因(热力学性质)和非本征原因(晶体品质和纯度),以及各种稳定化处理方法,包括表面包覆法、表面钝化法和掺杂法等;在此基础上,总结了α-AlH3各种稳定化方法的内在机理和热稳定性表征方法。对α-AlH3稳定化处理的发展方向和趋势进行了梳理,指出今后研究的重点方向为:探索有效的包覆层材料,在维持α-AlH3燃烧热值的基础上,提高其热稳定性及组分相容性;精确控制α-AlH3颗粒包覆层结构,提高稳定性和降低感度;进一步研究α-AlH3在固体推进剂中的稳定化机理。

Research Progress in the Stabilization of Aluminum Hydride

The important value of aluminum hydride(α-AlH3)as a high-energy fuel for solid propellants is systematically presented,while the two main factors are raised that currently hinder its wide applications in solid propellants.For the improvement of thermal stability ofα-AlH3,the intrinsic causes(thermodynamic properties)and extrinsic causes(crystal quality and purity)which induce the decomposition ofα-AlH3 are reviewed,as well as various stabilization methods,including surface coating,surface passivation and doping,etc.;furthermore,the mechanisms of the stabilization methods are summarized and the protocols are also briefed for the characterization of thermal stability.To sum up,this paper elucidates the trend of the stabilization processing ofα-AlH3,and indicates the key directions for future research as follows exploring effective coating materials,improving thermal stability and compatibility ofα-AlH3 while maintaining its combustion heat;precisely controlling the structure of coating layer onα-AlH3 particulates,improving stability and reducing sensitivity;further investigating the stabilization mechanisms ofα-AlH3 incorporated into solid propellants.