基于可逆共价键自修复聚氨酯的研究进展

聚氨酯作为一种新兴的有机高分子材料，被誉为“第五大塑料”，以其优异的综合性能而广泛应用于轻工、建筑、汽车、航空和航天等领域。但是，其在加工或使用过程中，难免因外力作用而发生结构破坏，从而极大地降低了材料的力学性能和产品的使用寿命。可逆共价键是一种能够在一定条件下实现可逆断裂与重组的动态共价键。因此，将其引入聚氨酯分子链段中，不仅对材料力学性能影响小且能够赋予其自修复功能，从而显著提升产品的使用寿命和附加值。该文综述了基于可逆共价键自修复聚氨酯的修复机理和应用研究进展，指出了自修复材料研究过程中存在的一些问题，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Research progress of self-healing polyurethane based on reversible covalent bonds

As a new organic polymer material, polyurethane is known as "the fifth largest plastic", which is widely used in light industry, construction, automobile, aviation and aerospace fields because of its excellent comprehensive properties. However, in the process of processing or using, it is hard to avoid structural damage due to external force, which greatly reduces the mechanical properties of its materials and the service life of its products. Reversible covalent bond is a kind of dynamic covalent bond which can realize reversible fracture and recombination under a certain conditions. Therefore, the introduction of it into the polyurethane molecular chain not only has a small impact on the mechanical properties of the material, but also can give it a self-healing function, thereby significantly improving the service life and added value of its products. In this paper, the self-healing mechanism and application research progress of self-healing polyurethane based on reversible covalent bonds are reviewed, and some problems in the research of its self-healing materials are pointed out, and the future development trend of it is prospected.