弯曲波对钢轨振动特性测试的影响研究

针对钢轨弯曲波的传播及弯曲波反射后对钢轨振动特性测试的影响,对钢轨的弯曲波波速进行了理论推导,并设计了弯曲波波速测试试验,对弯曲波传播波速及其反射波的波速等特性进行了试验验证,同时就钢轨弯曲波对振动特性测试的影响及其解决措施进行了研究。结果表明:钢轨弯曲波的波速不是常数,而是频率的函数,弯曲波的不同频率分量以不同的波速传播,其弯曲波的反射波与入射波波速相同;在有限长的试验段内进行轨道结构振动特性测试时,不可忽略钢轨弯曲波的影响;在钢轨端部安装阻尼设备可有效抑制反射波对钢轨振动特性测试的影响。

Effects of bending wave on measurement of rail vibration characteristics

Aiming at effects of propagation and reflection of rail bending wave on measurement of rail vibration characteristics,the theoretical deduction of rail bending wave velocity was performed,and the testing of rail bending wave velocity was designed.The test verification was conducted for characteristics of propagation velocity of rail bending wave and velocity of its reflection wave.At the same time,effects of rail bending wave on measurement of rail vibration characteristics and measures were studied.Results showed that the wave velocity of rail bending wave is not a constant,but a function of frequency;different frequency components of rail bending wave propagate at different wave velocities,their reflection waves’velocities are the same as incident waves’;when doing the rail structure vibration characteristics testing within a test segment with a finite length,effects of rial bending wave can’t be neglected;damping equipment installed at ends of rail can effectively restrain effects of reflection wave on measurement of rail vibration characteristics.