岩体结构分析与电磁辐射监测相结合的岩爆预测技术——以乌兹别克斯坦卡姆奇克隧道为例

地下洞室施工期间的岩爆预测对保证施工人员安全,合理安排施工进度具有重要意义。提出一种岩体结构分析与电磁辐射监测相结合的岩爆预测方法,实施过程中先通过开挖面及其附近岩体结构的观察,初步判断可不可能发生岩爆,然后对初步判断可能发生岩爆的部位采用便携式电磁辐射仪进行监测,通过电磁辐射能量及脉冲的变化进一步预测会不会发生岩爆及岩爆的强度。该方法综合考虑了岩爆发生的岩体结构条件和岩爆孕育过程中的能量转换及岩体微破裂频次,具有易于现场技术人员掌握、测试方便等优点,实践证明是地下洞室施工期间岩爆预测的可行方法。结合"中亚第一长隧"--乌兹别克斯坦卡姆奇克隧道,系统介绍了岩体结构分析与电磁辐射监测相结合的岩爆预测方法中涉及的岩爆发生的岩体结构条件、电磁辐射重点监测部位及监测方法、岩爆的电磁辐射判释指标及基准值等主要内容。

Rockburst prediction technology combining rock mass structure analysis and electromagnetic emission monitoring--a case study of Uzbekistan Kamchik tunnel

The prediction of rockbursts during the construction of underground caverns is of great significance to ensure the safety of construction workers and to arrange the construction progress rationally.In this paper,a rockburst prediction method combining rock mass structure analysis and electromagnetic emission monitoring is proposed.In the process of implementation,the possibility of rockburst is preliminarily judged by the observation of the excavation face and its nearby rock mass structure,the potential rockburst area is then monitored by using portable electromagnetic emission meter,and finally the possibility and intensity of rockburst can be further predicted based on the changes of the electromagnetic emission energy and pulse.The developed method,comprehensively considering the rock mass structure conditions of rockburst occurrence as well as the energy conversion and rock micro-fracture frequency during the process of rockburst,is easy to be mastered and applied by field technicians,and has proved to feasible for rockburst prediction during the construction of underground caverns.Taking the Central Asia’s longest tunnel-Uzbekistan Kamchik tunnel as an example,the rockburst prediction method,including rock mass structural conditions of rockburst,key monitoring positions and method of electromagnetic emission,the electromagnetic emission interpretation indexes and reference value of rockburst,is systematically introduced.