高速主轴系统切削稳定性预测及影响因素分析

高速主轴系统切削稳定性直接影响产品的表面加工精度和切削系统的使用寿命，是评价高速主轴系统性能优劣的重要因素，而研究影响切削稳定性的因素并制定提高稳定性的合理途径同样也受到关注。提出从稳定性评价准则及系统频响函数的不同求解方法入手，分析无条件稳定区和有条件稳定区的影响因素，总结出系统所受激励、主轴转速及系统结构是影响切削稳定性的重要因素。以德国GMN高速主轴系统为例，在采用5自由度轴承受力与变形关系模型模拟角接触球轴承和分布式弹簧模型模拟主轴-刀柄-刀具结合部的基础上，建立完整高速主轴系统通用有限元模型；利用三维稳定性叶瓣图、极限切削深度和叶瓣交点随参数的变化曲线表征切削力幅值、转速及阻尼比等参数对切削稳定性的影响规律，为优化加工工艺、提高系统切削稳定性提供理论依据。

Stability Prediction and Influence Factors Analysis of High-speed Spindle System

The stability of high-speed spindle system affects the surface finish and the tool life directly, which is an important factor to evaluate the performance. It is concerned to research the influence factors and make a reasonable approach of improving the stability. Starting from the stability evaluation criteria and different ways of getting FRF, the influence factors of unconditional and conditional stability regions including motivation, speed and spindle system structure are analyzed. Taking GMN spindle as sample, the whole high-speed spindle system finite element method is modeled with five degrees model of angular contact ball bearing taking the force and deformation in consideration and distributing spring model of spindle - holder - tool joints. The influence laws of cutting force amplitude, speed and damping ratio towards cutting stability are characterized by the three dimensional lobes, limit cutting depths and lobe intersections changing with the parameters, which provide the theoretical basis for optimizing the processing and improving the cutting stability.