Reclaimed water distribution network design under temporal and spatial growth and demand uncertainties |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Systems and Industrial Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;2. Civil Engineering, Hoseo University, Republic of Korea;3. Ventyx, An ABB Company, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA;4. Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;5. Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, School of Industrial Engineering, Sogamoso, Colombia;2. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana – UPB, School of Industrial Engineering, Bucaramanga, Colombia;3. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana – UPB, School of Environmental Engineering, Bucaramanga, Colombia;1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China;3. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, UK;3. Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore;1. Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, U.A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;2. Dewberry Engineers, Inc., Geospatial & Technology Services, 1000 N. Ashley Dr. #801, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;3. Emergent Technologies Institute, U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 16301 Innovation Lane, Fort Myers, FL 33913, USA;1. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, AC Campus da UFRGS Agronomia 91501970, Caixa-postal 15029, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. University of California, Center for Watershed Sciences, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44100 Ferrara;2. Haestad Methods Solution Center, Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 27 Siemon Co Dr. Suite 200W, Watertown, CT 06795 |
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| Abstract: | A significant—but underutilized—water resource is reclaimed water, i.e., treated wastewater that is reintroduced for various purposes. Especially in water scarce regions, reclaimed water is often the only remaining source of water to meet increasing population and water demands. In this paper, we develop a new model formulation for the cost-effective branched reclaimed water network design and solve it with an exact optimization method. We consider both construction and energy costs expended over a twenty-year period. Unlike other formulations, uncertain reclaimed water demands, temporal and spatial population changes are explicitly considered in our two-staged construction and expansion model. In order for the system to meet higher demands during the peak times and to evaluate energy use, we consider two pumping conditions: one with average demands, which is used to compute the average energy consumption, and the other with peak demands, which dominates pipe size and pump station capacity selection. By introducing binary variables that indicate discrete pipe and pump sizes, we linearize the nonlinear hydraulic equations and objective function terms. We develop methods to significantly reduce the problem dimension by exploiting the problem characteristics and network structure. Our computational results indicate that these methods are very effective. Finally, we apply our model to design a reclaimed water network for a realistic municipal system under estimated demand and population scenarios, and analyze the sensitivity of the system to model parameters. |
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| Keywords: | Reclaimed water distribution system Stochastic optimization Demand and network growth uncertainty Water resources management |
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