轻烃地球化学研究进展及发展趋势

轻烃分析是油气地球化学中一种重要的研究方法，在油气藏的勘探和开发中得到了广泛的应用。通过回顾国内外学者对轻烃理论和应用的研究，系统总结了轻烃地球化学研究现状、存在问题及发展趋势。认为目前在轻烃的形成机理方面主要存在2大理论体系，即热裂解成因论和催化成因论。前者强调在轻烃形成过程中热动力占据主导作用，后者强调过渡金属的催化作用是形成轻烃的主要机制。但是，目前轻烃成因理论的研究仍然存在局限性和片面性，热裂解成因论忽视了沉积岩中催化物质对轻烃形成的促进作用，而催化成因论则忽视了热力学作用对催化物质活性的激发影响。在应用方面，轻烃在天然气成因、有机质类型与形成环境和成熟度的判识，以及油气源岩对比和油气藏次生变化、油气运移和油气藏保存条件与连通性判识等方面起到了重要作用。未来轻烃地球化学理论研究趋势是加强轻烃成因理论的基础研究，并重视吸纳其他学科的理论优点|在轻烃地球化学应用研究方面，则应与单体烃同位素和生物标志化合物等方法结合，并充分考虑地质等因素和轻烃分析测试方法的影响。

Research Advance and Tendency of Light Hydrocarbon Geochemistry

Light hydrocarbon analytical technology,being an important research method of petroleum geochemistry,was used widely in the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs.By reviewing the previous studies,the present research situation,problems and development trend of light hydrocarbon geochemistry were systematically analyzed.At present,there are mainly two theoretical systems of thermal cracking and catalysis in light hydrocarbon formation mechanism.The former emphasizes on the role of thermal kinetics during the process of light hydrocarbon formation,and the latter stresses the catalysis of transition metals.However,there are still some limitations in the two theories.The thermal cracking neglects the catalysis of transition metals from sedimentary rocks to light hydrocarbon formation,and the catalysis ignores the thermodynamic excitation effect on the catalytic activity.Light hydrocarbon plays an important role in the application of petroleum geochemistry,such as the investigation of natural gas origin,the determination of organic matter type and the depositional environment of source rock,the indication of oil and gas maturity,oil-source correlations,the determination of secondary alteration and the migration of oil and gas,the preservation condition and the connectivity analysis of oil and gas reservoirs.Research trends in light hydrocarbon geochemistry theory are to strengthen basic research of light hydrocarbon genesis theory,and to attract attention to other discipline theoretical advantages.The applied research of light hydrocarbon should be combined with the methods of individual compound isotope with biomarker compound analyses and should fully consider the impact of the factors such as geology and light hydrocarbon analysis methods.