基于用水安全的地下水资源可持续利用研究——以延边州为例

在以用水安全、经济、资源、环境协调发展为主导思想、以用水安全为前提的基础上,对延边州地下水水质及社会经济条件进行了具体分析,根据分析结果建立了基于用水安全的延边州地下水资源可持续利用体系。在构建延边州地下水资源可持续利用体系的过程中,考虑到了用水安全系统、地下水资源系统、社会经济系统、环境系统之间的关系,共包含了有23个指标。将该体系用于对延边州地下水资源的可持续利用状况进行了分析评价。评价结果表明:延边州的地下水资源可持续利用指标为1.97,可持续利用发展态势为危险;延边州的地下水资源量为26.13亿m~3,但有8 449 km~2的地下水资源量由于用水水质不安全无法可持续利用。针对评价结果,提出了5项地下水资源可持续利用的对策及建议,即应实施分质供水、集中供水、集中进行水处理、加大对污水的处理力度以及控制化肥的使用量等措施。

Study on sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in Yanbian Prefecture based on water safety

Guided by the idea of coordinated development of water security, economy, resources and environment, we analyzed groundwater quality and social economic conditions of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin Province, and then established a sustainable utilization of groundwater resources system based on water security. The system has 23 indicators in total, which reflect the relationships among water safety system, groundwater resources system, social and economic system and environmental system. We evaluated the sustainable utilization in Yanbian prefecture and found that the sustainable utilization index of its groundwater resources is 1.97, indicating that sustainable development and utilization is hindered; total quantity of groundwater resources are 2.613 billion cubic meters, however with 8,449 square kilometers of groundwater resources cannot be used sustainably due to unsafe water quality. Five countermeasures are put forward in the study, i.e, supplying water according to water quality, centralizing water supply, centralized water treatment, strengthening sewage treatment, and controlling chemical fertilizer use.