Group scheduling with independent setup times, ready times, and deteriorating job processing times

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique which is suitable for point-joining advanced lightweight sheet materials that are dissimilar, coated, and hard to weld. Major advances have been made in recent years in SPR technique. Latest literature relating to finite element analysis (FEA) of SPR joints is reviewed in this paper. The recent development in FEA of SPR joints are described with particular reference to three major factors that influence the success of SPR technique: SPR process, failure mechanism, and mechanical behavior of SPR joints. The main FE methods used in FEA of SPR joints are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies from the literature. Areas where further useful progress can be made are also identified.