废旧轮胎粉碎技术及其应用进展

世界各国的废旧轮胎数量日益增加,废旧轮胎堆放不仅造成环境污染,还导致橡胶资源浪费,对废旧轮胎进行合理的回收利用已经势在必行。现阶段,粉碎废旧轮胎以制备胶粉因工艺优势而成为废旧轮胎的主要回收方式。综述国内外粉碎废旧轮胎制备胶粉技术,详细介绍干法粉碎和湿法粉碎技术及相关工艺,其中干法粉碎包括常温和低温粉碎,湿法粉碎主要包括RAPRA法、常温浸混粉碎法、全水相法和高压水射流冲击粉碎法。对主要粉碎设备及其粉碎原理进行概述。指出全水相法因制得的胶粉性能更加优异,且工艺成本低及环保性表现突出,有望成为未来废旧轮胎粉碎技术主要发展方向。

Crushing Technology and Application Progress of Waste Tires

With the increasing number of waste tires all over the world,the stacking of waste tires not only causes environmental pollution,but also leads to a waste of rubber resources.It is imperative to reasonably recycle waste tires.At the present stage,the preparation of rubber powder by crushing waste tires has become one of the main recycling methods of waste tires due to its technological advantages.In this paper,the technologies of crushing waste tires to prepare rubber powder at home and abroad were reviewed,and the dry and wet crushing technology and related processes were introduced in detail,in which the dry crushing included room temperature comminution and cryo-comminution,and the wet crushing included RAPRA,room temperature immersion comminution,all-aqueous phase and high-pressure water jet impact comminution methods.The main crushing equipment and its crushing principles were summarized.It was pointed out that the rubber powder produced by the all-aqueous method had better performance,the process cost was low and environmental protection performance was outstanding;therefore,the all-aqueous phase method was expected to become the leading development direction of the crushing waste tires in the future.