煤炭地下气化技术及其应用前景

煤炭地下气化是将处于地下的煤炭进行有控制地燃烧以产出煤气的一项清洁能源新技术。根据气化通道方式可分为无井式（钻孔作为气化通道）和有井式（人工巷道作为气化通道）两种方式。前苏联是世界上进行地下气化现场试验最早的国家，除前苏联外，受能源危机的影响，20世纪美国、英国、法国、德国、比利时和东欧许多国家也都相继进行了煤炭地下气化的试验。我国煤炭地下气化的开展在20世纪80年代以后，中国矿业大学研究并提出了“长通道、大断面、两阶段”煤炭地下气化工艺，并在山东、河北、山西等地成功应用。煤炭地下气化核心技术是气化建炉技术和煤炭地下气化控制技术。煤炭地下气化煤气可用于联合循环发电、提取纯H2以及用作化工原料气、工业燃料气、城市民用等。研究表明，我国目前适合煤炭地下气化的煤炭资源量达6244.6×10⁸t，可得到合成天然气量为214.03×10¹²m³。

TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION PROSPECT OF UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION 1)

Underground coal gasification is a new technology to make clean energy by controlled combustion of underground coal to produce water gas. Divided by gasification channel, the technology covers 2 types; i.e. the type without wells (the drilling holes as the gasification channel) and the type with wells (the artificial channels as the gasification channel). The former Soviet Union was the earliest country to conduct the field tests of underground coal gasification. Besides the former Soviet Union, U.S., U.K., France, Germany, Belgium and many countries in the east Europe conducted the tests of underground coal gasification early or late in 20th century because of energy crisis. Study on underground coal gasification began at 80s of 20th century in China. China University of Mining &; Technology develops the technique of “Long Channel, Large section, Two stages” for underground coal gasification, which is applied successfully in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi etc. provinces. The key technology of underground coal gasification is the stove building and the control of gasification. The water gas from underground coal gasification can be used for combined cycle power generation, pure hydrogen extraction, chemical feeding materials, industrial fuel gas, residential gas etc. Study shows the coal resource that is suitable for underground coal gasification reaches 624.46×109 t., which can produce 214.03×1012 m3 of synthetic methane gas in China. (Financed by the National Project 973, No. 2002CB211700)