2012—2017年云南省有毒动植物中毒事件分析

目的 探讨2012—2017年云南省有毒动植物中毒事件的发生规律和特点,为制定预防和控制措施提供依据。方法 对2012—2017年云南省报告的有毒动植物中毒事件资料建立数据库,并按时间、地区、场所、中毒因素等进行统计分析。结果 共报告有毒动植物中毒事件530起,发病4 147人,死亡64人。第四季度为发病高峰,报告起数、发病人数和死亡人数分别占全年总数的30.8%(163/530)、37.4%(1 553/4 147)和50.0%(32/64)；有毒植物中毒事件报告起数较多的州(市)为楚雄州、大理州、玉溪市,占总数的44.2%(212/480)；有毒动物中毒报告起数较多的州(市)为迪庆州、怒江州、保山市,占总数的80.0%(40/50)。家庭中毒报告起数、发病人数和死亡人数最多,分别占总数的63.6%(337/530)、40.3%(1 672/4 147)和89.1%(57/64)。引起有毒动物中毒事件的食物主要是蜂蛹(7.9%,42/530),引起有毒植物中毒事件的食物前5位依次为乌头(30.2%,160/530)、四季豆(29.2%,155/530)、蓖麻子(5.3%,28/530)、蜂蜜(3.8%,20/530)和油桐(3.6%,19/530)。结论 云南省有毒动植物中毒问题突出,应完善食物中毒的应急处理体系,广泛宣传有毒动植物中毒的预防知识,以有效地减少云南省中毒事件的发生。

The epidemiology of poisonous animal and plant poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2017

Objective To explore the regularity and features of the poisonous animal and plant poisoning incidences and provide the bases to build up the prevention and control measures. Methods The database for poisonous animal and plant poisoning in Yunnan from 2012 to 2017 was set up, and the times, places and poisoning factors were analyzed. Results There were 530 incidents,4 147 cases and 64 deaths.The incident peak was from October to December, accounted for 30.8%(163/530),37.4%(1 553/4 147) and 50.0%(32/64) of the reported incidents, cases and deaths for the whole year. The largest number of poisonous plant poisoning incidents happened in the Chuxiong City, Dali City and Yuxi City, accounted for 44.2%(212/480). The largest number of poisonous animal poisoning incidents happened in the Diqing City, Nujiang City and Baoshan City, accounted for 80.0%(40/50). The largest number of incidents, cases and deaths happened in the family scenario,accounted for 63.6%(337/530),40.3%(1 672/4 147) and 89.1%(57/64) respectively.Poisonous animal poisoning was mainly caused by pupa 7.9%(42/530), poisonous plant poisoning was mainly caused by aconite 30.2%(160/530), kidney bean 29.2%(155/530),castor bean 5.3%(28/530), honey 3.8%(20/530) and oil tree 3.6%(19/530). Conclusion The situation of poisoning caused by poisonous animal and plant was serious in Yunnan Province.The efficient emergency response system of outbreaks had to be improved to decrease the mortality rate of the incidence. Food safety inspection and education should be strengthened.