大跨度铁路站房屋盖结构风洞试验与等效静风荷载研究

以哈尔滨西客站站房屋盖结构为研究对象，采用刚性模型同步测压风洞试验对建筑表面的平均及脉动风荷载进行测定，结合本征正交分解技术对风压场进行重构及预测，解决了风压测点与结构有限元模型节点的不匹配问题。分别建立整体结构和屋盖结构有限元模型，利用时程分析方法考察了下部结构对风致响应的影响，研究表明下部结构会导致屋盖结构的刚度弱化，建模中忽略下部结构可能导致对屋盖结构位移和内力响应的低估。引入多目标等效静风荷载分析方法，以结构在风荷载作用下的最大动力响应为控制指标获得针对多个等效目标的静风荷载分布，并对等效结果进行了验证，结果表明该方法可以实现以少量静风荷载分布形式实现所有响应均与动力极值响应等效。

Wind tunnel test and equivalent static wind loads on large span station buildings

Taking Harbin west railway station as the researching object,the wind load distribution on a rigid model was measured simultaneously in a wind tunnel firstly.The fluctuating wind pressure field was reconstructed based on the synchronous multi-pressure scanning technique of wind tunnel tests and the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) technique in order to eliminate the mismatch of the measurement points in wind tunnel tests and the structural nodes.Then the finite element models of the upper steel structure and the whole structure were constructed respectively and the influence of lower RC structure on wind-induced vibration was investigated.The study finds out that the stiffness degradation due to the neglection of the lower RC structure will result in an underestimation of the wind-induced response.At last,equivalent static wind loads(ESWL) for multi-objective were estimated for structural design.A new method was introduced to obtain ESWL that reproduce all largest load effects at the same time.The largest load effects obtained by the ESWL show good agreement with those directly estimated by time domain response analysis.