Fish industry waste: treatments, environmental impacts, current and potential uses |
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| Authors: | Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis ,& Aikaterini Kassaveti |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Agriculture Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, Nea Ionia Magnesias, Volos 38446, Hellas (Greece);
Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Agricultural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, Nea Ionia Magnesias, Volos 38446, Hellas (Greece) |
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| Abstract: | Fish waste management has been one of the problems having the greatest impact on the environment. Fish farming detrimental effects on the marine environment in particular have become an issue of public concern. In European Union, numerous Directives, Decisions and Regulations were voted in an attempt to minimise the environmental impact of fisheries within the frame of Integrated Coastal Management. Treated fish waste has found many applications among which the most important are animal feed, biodiesel/biogas, dietic products (chitosan), natural pigments (after extraction), food‐packaging applications (chitosan), cosmetics (collagen), enzyme isolation, Cr immobilisation, soil fertiliser and moisture maintenance in foods (hydrolysates). In this review, an update of both environmental impact (inputs and outputs) and treated fish waste uses is provided by means of six comprehensive tables and seven figures. |
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| Keywords: | Animal feed biogas environmental impact fish waste uses input and output of fish processes |
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