Q补偿技术在提高地震分辨率中的应用——以准噶尔盆地Y1井区为例

准噶尔盆地Y1井区主要发育岩性、地层油气藏，但由于目的层埋深大（5000～6000m），储层薄（8～10m），储集体与围岩波阻抗差异小，反射能量弱，加上煤层干扰，使得储层识别、预测难度大。针对这一问题，利用能同时进行振幅校正和相位畸变校正的反Q滤波方法对该区的三维地震资料进行了提高分辨率处理。首先选择过井地震剖面进行相位校正，通过与测井资料合成记录进行对比获得最佳相位校正算子；然后进行振幅补偿，通过频谱分析调整振幅补偿算子，确保反Q滤波在振幅补偿的同时不破坏各种有效频率成分的相对变化关系；反复进行上述处理获得最佳Q值模型，该模型具有时变和空变的特点。用最佳Q值模型对全区地震资料进行补偿处理，明显提高了地震剖面的分辨率，提高了地层岩性圈闭的识别能力与储层预测精度，落实了地层上倾尖灭线及砂体展布范围。

Application of Q compensation technique in improving seismic resolution: case study of Y1 well area, Junggar basin

Formation lithology hydrocarbon reservoirs are mainly devel- oped in Y1 well area of Junggar basin.But the reservoir recognition and prediction are quite difficult because of deeply buried interests (more than 5,000-6,000 m),thin reservoirs (8-10 m),small difference between reservoir impedance and surrounding rock im- pedance,weak reflection energy and interference of coal seams.Ai- ming at these problems,the inverse Q filtering method was used in the 3D seismic data to improve the resolution.Firstly,phase cor- rection was carried out on the selected cross-well seismic profiles and compared to the synthetic seismogram of logging data to obtain optimum phase correction operator.Then,the amplitude was com- pensated and the compensation operator adjusted through spectrum analysis to ensure that the Q filtering will not damage the relative variation relationship of all effective frequencies during amplitude compensation.The optimum Q modeling was achieved through re- peating the abovementioned process.The model has characteristics of time-variation and space-variation.The application of it in this area shows that the resolution of seismic profiles is obviously en- hanced,the recognition ability of formation lithology traps and res- ervoir prediction accuracy improved,and the updip wedge-out and sand body distribution range identified.