Coral-like hydroxy sodalite particles from rice husk ash as silica source |
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| Authors: | Milan Kanti Naskar Debtosh Kundu Minati Chatterjee |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Technology and Engineering Division, Malaysian Rubber Board, 50908 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia;3. Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;1. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia;2. School of Chemical Engineering, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;3. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia;4. National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;1. Chia Group, Centro Empresarial Chia, Of. 304 Chia, Colombia;2. Department of Plant Biology & Ecology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almería, Spain;3. Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almería, Spain;1. Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Takatu Campus, Quetta, 87100, Pakistan;2. Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh, 31750, Malaysia;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;4. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;5. Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, UET KSK Campus, Lahore, Pakistan;6. Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13100, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Coral-like hydroxy sodalite (HS) particles were prepared from rice husk ash as silica source in the presence of other aqueous-based precursor materials following a simple process under hydrothermal condition at 90 °C for 15 h. The particles obtained at 90 °C for different times (6, 10 and 15 h) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The HS crystals along with a small amount of zeolite A particles were observed at 90 °C/6 h while phase pure HS particles were obtained at 90 °C for 10 and 15 h. The characteristic vibration bands of the HS particles were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. FESEM images showed that the HS particles obtained at 90 °C/15 h were coral-like morphology which were formed through the self-assembly of the smaller particles generated at the initial stage of reaction (6 and 10 h) under the same experimental conditions. A proposed mechanism for the formation of coral-like HS particles was also illustrated. |
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